3l'he Adult Learner : A Neglected Species ( 197 ; rev. ed, 1984) [ M ]. Houston : Gulf Publishing Company, 1984:87.
4M. S. Knowles. Self-Directed Learning:A guide for Learners and teachers [ M ]. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall Cam- bridge, 1975 : 14.
5Nottingham Andragogy Group. Towards a Developmental Theory of Andragogy [ M ]. Adults : Psychological and Educa- tional Perspectives Series, Nottingham : University of Nottin- ghaln, 1983:2.