美国少年司法分流制度及其对我国的启示

The Diversion System of American Juvenile Justice and Its Enlightenment to China

我国缺乏独立、完整的少年司法体系,现有少年法庭主要审理未成年人刑事案件,难以应对日益多发的校园暴力等少年不良行为及违法行为倾向问题。美国少年司法分流制度将犯罪行为轻微的少年排除出司法程序,将罪行严重者交由成年人刑事法院处理,从而减少了司法成本,在督促少年承担法律责任的同时维护了社会治安。借鉴美国经验,我国要整合有关少年司法的法律,完善相关程序设计;扩大少年法庭的受案范围,保护和帮助更多未成年人;建立多元化矫正机构,采取多元化矫正模式,实现未成年人保护和司法资源优化配置的双重目标。

China is lack of an independent and complete juvenile justice system,the existing juvenile court mainly deal with the trial of juvenile criminal cases,so it is difficult to deal with increasingly frequent school violence and other juvenile delinquency prob-lems. The juvenile justice diversion system in the United States removes the trivial juvenile delinquency from the judicial process and criminalizes serious crimes against adult criminal courts,thereby reducing the cost of justice and maintaining social security while ur-ging juveniles to take legal liability. Learning from the experience of the United States,China needs to integrate the law on juvenile jus-tice, and to improve the relevant program design. Moreover,we need to expand the jurisdiction scope of the juvenile court in order to protect and help more minors. Also, relevant departments and modes should be established for correction mechanism. In this case,the dual objectives that protect the teenager and optimize the allocation of judicial resources would be realized.