数字货币中的区块链及其隐私保护机制

Blockchain and Privacy Preserving Mechanisms in Cryptocurrency

区块链作为支撑比特币运行的核心技术,是一种利用链式数据结构来验证和存储数据、利用分布式节点共识机制来生成和更新数据的去中心化基础架构。由于其具备去中心化、可验证、防篡改等特性,迅速成为各国政府、国际组织、大型财团、科研机构关注的热点。文章通过对比特币系统进行剖析,探讨了数字货币中区块链的工作原理,介绍了区块链技术所使用的各类主流共识机制,对数字货币中匿名和隐私保护面临的挑战进行了分析,介绍了现存的匿名和隐私保护方案。

As the supporting technique of bitcoin, blockchain is a decentralized infrastructure, which uses a linked data structure to verify and store data, and uses the distributed node consensus mechanism to generate and update data. Because of its characteristic of decentralized, verifiable and tamper proofing, blockchain has quickly become the focus of attentions by governments, international organizations, large consortia and scientific research institutions. This paper discusses the working principle of blockchain in cryptocurrency by comparing with the bitcoin system, introduces some typical consensuses mechanisms used in blockchain technology, analyzes the challenges of anonymity and privacy protection in cryptocurrency, and introduces the existing anonymous and privacy protection schemes.