明代吐鲁番佛教的衰亡

The Decline of Buddhism in Turfan during the Ming Dynasty

在西域曾经辉煌了一千年之久的佛教,在明代吐鲁番落下了帷幕。至此,西域最终伊斯兰化。1437年,吐鲁番"国师巴剌麻答失"派遣僧人格来朝贡,这是明代官方文献《大明实录》关于吐鲁番佛教和佛僧的最后记载。虽然吐鲁番佛教日渐凋敝并最终衰亡,明朝仍然依据僧官制度,对它进行了积极的管理。本文旨在阐明明代吐鲁番佛教的最后图景以及明朝的管理模式,并对学界认识尚存分歧的"回回僧"的宗教性质进行辨析。

Buddhism in the Chinese Western Region, having been outstanding for one thousand years, came to a close in Turfan in the Ming Dynasty. And then, the Western Region was totally Islamized. In 1437, the Guoshi Paramartashiri of Turfan sent the monk Gelai to pay tribute to the Ming court. This is the last record about Buddhism and Buddhists in Turfan in Da Ming Shilu, the royal document of the Ming Dynasty. Although Turfan Buddhism declined and fell apart, the Ming Dynasty still conducted active governance of this area based on the Sengguan system. This article aims to show the last scene of Buddhism in Ming Turfan, clarify the management mode of Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty, and analyze whether the 'Huihui Monks' were Buddhist or Muslim.