2011-2015年某妇女儿童医院职业暴露现状及防护对策研究

Study on current status and preventive strategy of occupational exposure in a women and children's hospital during 2011-2015

目的了解妇女儿童医院员工职业暴露现状,分析暴露原因,提供相应的防控对策。方法查阅某妇女儿童医院2011~2015年员工职业暴露事件登记表,分别从职业暴露的人群分布、工作年限、暴露地点及暴露环节等进行统计分析。结果 2011~2015年该院共发生员工职业暴露事件160例次,职业暴露方式以针刺伤为主,护士发生职业暴露概率最高,工龄2年以下者占多数,在拔针、注射穿刺、收集医疗废物、喷溅、处理针头等环节发生职业暴露较为突出。结论妇女儿童医院与综合性医院暴露特点基本一致,但在暴露环节及暴露地点方面有所不同,需结合妇女儿童医院患者特点进一步完善职业防护管理制度,强化标准化操作,多途径强化教育及提供安全注射用具以降低职业暴露发生风险。

Objective To understand the current status of personnel occupational exposure in a women and children＇s hospital,to analyze the exposure causes and to provide corresponding preventive countermeasures. Methods Referring to the personnel occupational exposure event registration form during 2011-2015 ,the aspects of population distribution ,working years, exposure sites and exposure links were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 160 case-times of occupational exposure events occurred during 2011-2015. The occupational exposure mode was dominated by needle-stick, and the probability of occupational exposure occurred in nurses was highest, the majority were working years less than 2 years. The occupational exposure occurrence was prominent in the links of withdrawing needles, injection, puncture, collecting medical wastes, spillage of blood or body fluids and handling needles. Conclusion The occupational exposure characteristics in women and children＇s hospital are basically consistent with the general hospital. But there are differences in exposure links and exposure sites. It is needed to perfect the occupational preventive management system,strengthen the standardized operating,enhance the education in multiple paths and provide safe injection appliances for reducing the occupational exposure risk.