唐武惠妃墓“男装幞头捧盒仕女图”壁画的保护修复

The Preservation and Restoration of the Mural "Maid in Male Costume,Wearing Futou-soft Cloth Headwear and Holding Box" in the Tomb of Imperial Consort Wu of the Tang Dynasty

地仗层和颜料层的大面积缺失是唐墓壁画保护修复工作中经常遇到的问题,本文以唐武惠妃墓"男装幞头捧盒仕女图"壁画为案例,从古代壁画原始白灰层与现代熟石灰填补层表面微观形貌的差异性分析入手,结合X射线荧光(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、超景深显微镜等技术手段的运用,改变修复思路,调整技术路线,以反复试验的结果证实了复合型胶凝材料能够避免传统修复中使用单一型石灰材料所造成的新填补层表面龟裂等常见问题,不仅成功完成了对该壁画的保护工作,也为馆藏墓葬壁画的保护修复技术和材料筛选带来了新的可参考思路。

The large-sized loss of ground layers and pigment layers are the frequently run into problems in the conservation and restoration of the tomb murals of the Tang Dynasty. With the mural of ＂Maid in Male Costume, Wearing Futou-soft Cloth Headwear and Holding Box＂ in the tomb of Imperial Consort Wu of the Tang Dynasty as the study case, this paper made analysis to the difference of the microtopography of the original lime plaster layer of the ancient mural and that of the modern slaked lime plaster layer, with the application of the X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, super-depth microscopy and other technologies, this paper changed the way of thinking on the restoration and proved that the compound cementing materials can avoid the problem of surface cracking of the new patching layers caused by the applying of single lime stucco in the traditional restoration. The application of the new materials not only successfully finished the conservation of this mural but also provided referable way of thinking on the choosing of the preservation techniques and materials for the burial murals collected in the museums.