松阴吉丁对不同树种的选择

Preference of Phaenops yin Kuban & Bily for different tree species

【目的】松阴吉丁Phaenops yin Kubán&Bily是危害油松的重要蛀干害虫,研究其成虫对不同树种的行为趋向反应,可为配制人工植物源引诱剂,利用化学生态手段开展有效防控奠定基础。【方法】室内利用养虫笼观察松阴吉丁对不同树种的选择行为,采用Y-型嗅觉仪和单盒单头饲养方式进一步测试松阴吉丁对于具引诱活性的植物气味源的趋性反应及取食量。【结果】松阴吉丁成虫在阔叶树毛白杨、国槐、垂柳的枝条上既无着落现象,也无取食现象;在雪松枝条上偶有着落现象,但无取食痕迹;在油松及白皮松枝条上均有着落和取食现象。松阴吉丁雌性成虫对白皮松针叶、油松针叶以及油松韧皮部的趋性反应与空白对照相比均达到显著水平,其对白皮松针叶的趋性反应及取食量均大于油松针叶,但差异不显著。雄性成虫对白皮松针叶、油松针叶的趋性反应与空白对照相比均达到显著水平,对油松韧皮部的趋性反应大于空白对照,但差异不显著。与白皮松针叶相比,雄虫更趋向于油松针叶气味源,但差异不显著,其对油松针叶的取食量也明显高于白皮松针叶,差异达到显著水平。【结论】松阴吉丁不喜阔叶树。白皮松针叶和油松针叶均能引诱松阴吉丁雌雄成虫,且伴有取食现象。野外尚未发现松阴吉丁危害白皮松,因此白皮松可能是松阴吉丁的潜在危害寄主。另外,在防控松阴吉丁时,除利用油松和白皮松的挥发性成分配制植物源引诱剂外,可考虑采用阔叶树中对试虫具有拒避作用的挥发性物质配制拒避剂,以期更好的利用"推-拉"理论,有效防控松阴吉丁。

[Objectives] Phaenops yin Kubáň＆Bíly is an important bark beetle endangering Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. in western areas of Beijing city. Studies of the behavioral responses of P. yin to the volatiles of different tree species provide a foundation for developing plant-based attractants for this pest. [Methods] The preferences of virgin adult P. yin for the foliage of different tree species were first observed in cages under laboratory conditions. A Y-tube olfactometer was then used to test the relative attractiveness of volatiles from P. tabuliformis and Pinus bungeana and the quantity of foliage of both tree species consumed by male and female adults was also measured. [Results] Adult P. yin did not land or feed on the branches of the broad-leaved species Populus tomentosa, Sophora japonica, and Salix babylonica. However, both female and male adults landed and fed on the needle-leaved species P. tabulaeformis and P. Bungeana. Although they also occasionally landed on another needle-leaved species, Cedrus deodara, they did not feed on that species. Olfactory bioassays show that the odor of needles and phloem of P. bungeana and P. tabulaeformis, were significantly more attractive to female adults than the clean air control. P. bungeana needles were slightly more attractive to P. yin females than those of P. tabulaeformis, and female beetles also consumed a slightly greater amount of P. bungeana needles than those of P. tabulaeformis, but these differences were not significant. The odors of P. bungeana and P. tabulaeformis needles were significantly more attractive to adult male beetles than the clean air control, but the phloem odor of P. tabulaeformis was no more attractive to adult male beetles than the control. P. tabulaeformis needles were slightly more attractive to male beetles than that those of P. bungeana but this difference was not significant. However, adult males consumed significantly more P. tabulaeformis needles than P. bungeana needles. [Conclusion] Broad-leaved trees appear to repel P. yin adults, which preferred the needle-leaved species P. tabuliformis and P. bungeana to the other tree species tested. Although there is no record of P. bungeana being infected by P. yin in field, our results suggest that P. bungeana is a potential host of P. yin. The results of this study provide a foundation for developing new plant-based attractants and repellents for P. yin that could allow the ＂push-pull＂ management of this pest in the field.