绿色消费:基于物质流和消费效率的研究

Green Consumption:Research Based on Material Flow and Consumption Efficiency

过去10多年,我们在绿色生产方面已经有了系统化的理论与做法。比较而言,对于绿色消费的研究与实践相对薄弱。文章从物质流和消费效率的角度,对绿色消费做了3个方面有关联性和系统性的分析。在"为什么"问题上,指出在人口趋向稳定、技术效率大幅度得到改进之后,对资源环境的影响将主要来自消费水平;在"是什么"问题上,指出研究绿色消费,重点是要研究流量效率之外的3个效率即维护效率、服务效率、满足效率;在"怎么做"问题上,强调替代性消费是绿色消费需要倡导的发展方向,这对于理解崛起中的分享经济具有重要意义;最后以摩拜单车为例,说明我们的生态文明建设需要创造绿色消费的中国故事。

In the last two decades, theories and practice of green production have been systematically developed in China, while studies and practice of green consumption has seldom been examined in the relative sense. This study aims to analyze green consumption through three relevant and systematic aspects from the perspective of material flow and consumption efficiency. It is emphasized that, on the why issue of green consumption, the consumption level will become the main factor impacting on resource and environment after the stability of populations and the great improvement of technical efficiency; on the what issue, the research focus should be on the maintenance efficiency, service efficiency and satisfaction efficiency except the flow efficiency; on the how issue, the alternative consumption needs to be advocated as the future direction of green consumption, which is of great significance to understand the rising sharing economy. Finally, mobike is utilized as a case study to illustrate that ecological civilization construction in China needs to create the Chinese story of green consumption.