地上-地下生物协同调控与养分高效利用

Interactions between Above-and Below-ground Organisms for Nutrient-efficient Utilization

提高养分利用率是协调粮食安全和环境安全的核心问题。地下生物种类繁多,数量巨大,功能多样,包括植物根系、微生物和动物等。地下生物直接参与了养分的活化、转化、吸收和运输等过程,是地上植物生产力和养分利用率的重要驱动者。文章概括性地介绍了(1)土壤-根系-微生物对话的信号基础与养分转化,(2)土壤微生物组成多样性与养分转化,(3)根系与植物高效吸收养分,以及(4)微生物与根系高效摄取土壤养分;在此基础上,提出将来应该加强研究土壤生物功能和区域分异规律、微生物介导的土壤养分转化过程与养分高效利用之间的关系、养分高效型作物的根系特征、生物制剂的研发等内容。随着技术的发展和相关机理的探明,地下生物"黑箱"将逐步被破解,有望研发出靶标明确、切实可行的地上-地下生物协同调控技术,实现养分的高效利用。

The improvement of nutrient use efficiency is the double demanding for both food and environmental safety. In the belo there are large amount of various organisms including plant roots, microbes, and animals. The below-ground organisms are involved w-ground, in the mo- bilization, transformation, uptake and transport of nutrients, being the main driver of the above-ground productivity and nutrient use efficiency This review summarized four aspects of research progresses： （1） biologically signaling basis and nutrient transformation in soil-root-microbe interfaces; （2） microbial community composition and nutrient transformation; （3） plant roots and nutrient-efficient uptake; （4） microbes and nutrient-efficient acquisition by roots. Based on these progresses, four research focuses are suggested to be enhanced in the future： （1） the func- tion and regional differentiation of soil organisms; （2） the relationship between soil microbe-regulated processes and nutrient efficiency; （3） the root characteristics of nutrient-efficient plant varieties; （4） the development of biological reagents for nutrient-efficient use. The technological development and mechanistic clarification will hopefully promote the uncovering of the ＂black box＂ of the below-ground organisms, ultimately contributing to the improvement of nutrient use efficiency by regulating the interactions between the above- and below-ground organisms.