1953—2016年中国粮食补贴政策分析

Analysis on Grain Subsidy Policy of China from 1953 to 2016

粮食补贴政策是确保粮食增产、农民增收和国家粮食安全的重要举措。论文分3个阶段系统梳理和分析了1953—2016年期间实施的粮食补贴政策特点和演变趋势,分4个环节即粮食生产、加工、存储、销售环节分析了补贴政策的时空变化,总结提炼了目前粮食补贴政策存在的问题,以期为我国粮食补贴政策的制定提供参考。分析表明,我国粮食补贴的形式、对象、范围和目标等在起步阶段(1953—1978年)、探索调整阶段(1979—2003年)和改革发展阶段(2004—2016年)变化明显,补贴资金投入逐年增长且表现出显著的区域差异性;补贴政策逐渐向粮食主产区、经济相对发达的地区倾斜。目前我国粮食补贴政策存在的问题主要体现在补贴效果和目标的差距、补贴对象和范围的核定、补贴结构以及补贴政策的影响力和农户的认知度等方面。研究以期为完善粮食补贴政策制定和提高政策实施效果起到借鉴作用。

Grain subsidy policy is an important measure to ensure grain production, farmers＇ income and national food security. In order to provide a reference for the government to improve the present grain subsidy policies, this paper analyzed the general features of grain subsidy policies over the past 63 years extending from 1953 to 2016, and explored the details of the policy changes by dividing the history of grain subsidy into three phases. Meanwhile, the spatial and temporal changes of subsidy policies in four procedures, i.e. grain production, grain processing, grain storage and market sales were analyzed. It is found that the categories, the objects, the scope and the goal of the grain subsidy policy changed greatly during the initial phase（1953-1978）, the adjustment phase（1979-2003） and the reform and development phase（2004-2016）. The subsidy funds have been increasing over the past years though there are regional variations. The grain subsidy tended to support the main producing areas and economically developed areas more. Problems in current grain subsidy policies in China are mainly reflected in the following aspects： the gap between the goal and the real effect, the identification and clarification of the objects and scope of the subsidy, the structure and component of the subsidy, the role and influence of the policy, and the farmers＇ awareness and perception of the subsidy policy. This study attempts to serve as a reference to improve grain subsidy policy making and increase the effectiveness of the implementation.