基于专利视角的美国无人机技术创新态势研究

Research on Technology Innovation Situation of UAV in US Based on Patent Analysis

本文以美国专利和商标局(USPTO)的已授权专利数据库收录的专利数据为基础,分析了美国无人机领域的技术创新情况。分别从技术发展趋势、研究机构分布、技术热点和技术集群变化情况等方面进行了讨论。研究结果表明:美国无人机技术的发展经历了从军用到民用的过程,企业是主要的创新主体,无人机控制技术是长期以来的研究重点;同时在不同的时间阶段又存在不同的技术集群,2000—2005年,主要集中在无人机控制和导航技术,2006—2010年,聚焦于无人机数据加工处理和信息传输技术,2011—2015年,无人机功能开发和结构设计成为热点。

This paper analyzes the technology innovation of the American unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV）, on the basis of patent data which are collected by US Patent and Trademark Office （USPTO） database. The development trend of technology, the distribution of research institutions, the hotspots of technology and the changes of technology clusters are discussed. The results show that the development of UAV technology in the United States has evolved from military to civil. The enterprise is the main innovation subject. UAV control technologies have been the focus of research for a long time. At the same time, there are different technology clusters. In 2000-2005, mainly focused on UAV control and navigation technologies; 2006-2010, focused on UAV data processing and information transmission technologies; 2011 -2015, UAV function development and structural design became hot spots.