杭州市空巢老人养老意愿及影响因素研究

A survey on the pension willingness of empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou City and its influencing factors

目的了解杭州市空巢老人养老意愿及影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在杭州市2个城区和3个郊县抽取有正式户口登记、居住≥1年、年龄≥65岁的1 000名空巢老人进行问卷调查,采用Logistic回归模型分析空巢老人养老意愿的影响因素。结果收回有效问卷992份,问卷有效率为99.20%。992名空巢老人中,选择子女赡养、依靠社会养老保险、个人自养和其他方式的分别为407人(41.03%)、365人(36.79%)、208人(20.97%)和12人(1.21%)。多项分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,担心养老费用(OR=3.007,95%CI:1.751~5.155),最大心愿是身体健康(OR=4.404,95%CI:1.461~13.276)、家庭和睦(OR=7.724,95%CI:2.158~27.646)、子女工作顺利(OR=4.811,95%CI:1.203~19.246),欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)得分低(OR=0.982,95%CI:0.965~0.999)的空巢老人选择子女赡养的意愿相对较高;担心养老费用(OR=2.058,95%CI:1.267~3.344)、退休前职业为企业员工(OR=2.353,95%CI:1.091~5.078)、城市户籍(农村:OR=0.546,95%CI:0.349~0.856)、EQ-5D健康得分越低(OR=0.979,95%CI:0.966~0.993)的空巢老人选择依靠社会养老保险养老的意愿相对较高。结论担心养老费用、最大心愿、健康状况、城乡户籍和退休前职业是空巢老人养老意愿的影响因素。

Objective To learn the pension willingness and influencing factors of empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou City. Methods A total of 1000 empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou, taking a formal hosusehold registration, living≥1 year, age≥ 65 years old, were selected from two urban districts and three suburbs by multi-stage simple random sampling, and were surveyed with questionnaires. The data was analyzed by logistic regression model to study the influencing factors of pension willingness. Results A total of 992 valid questionnaires were collected and the effective rate was 99.20%. There were 407 （41.03%） , 365 （36.79%） , 208 （20.97%） and 12 （1.21%） people in the 992 empty-nest elderly, choosing their children＆#39;s support, social pension insurance, personal pension and other old-age methods. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, the empty-nest elderly who worried about pension costs （OR=3.007, 95%CI：1.751-5.155）, and the greatest wish was physical health （OR=4.404, 95%CI：1.461-13.276）, family harmony （OR=7.724, 95% CI： 2.158-27.646）, children work smoothly （OR=4.811, 95%CI： 1.203-19.246） . The lower health score （OR=0.982, 95% CI： 0.965-0.999）, choosing their children＆#39;s support as their pension willingness were relatively high, and the empty-nest elderly who worried about pension costs （OR=2.058, 95%CI： 1.267-3.344）, the original occupation for the staff （OR=2.353, 95% CI： 1.091-5.078） , city household registration （OR=0.546, 95% CI：0.349-0.856） . The lower the health score （OR=0.979, 95%CI： 0.966-0.993） choose social pension insurance as their pension willingness would be relatively high pension. Conclusion The influencing factors of the pension willingness of the empty-nest elderly were worried about pension costs, the greatest wish, and health status, urban and rural household registration.