澳洲坚果山地幼龄果园套作模式效益分析

Benefit Analysis of Various Interplanting Modes for Young Macadamia Orchard in Mountainous Region

通过澳洲坚果山地幼龄果园套作模式研究,了解其间作效益、对土壤养分及幼树生长造成的影响,以春季套作绿肥、蚕豆、油菜、蔬菜,夏季套作大豆、生姜、甜玉米、薏仁米、蔬菜,以不套作为对照进行了分析和测定。6种套作模式均为果园降低除草成本1275元/hm^2,为农民增加零工收入5310~23460元/hm^2;距植株1 m范围以外套作甜玉米、薏仁米高秆作物对幼树生长影响不大;果园土壤有效养分有明显提高。套作蔬菜、蚕豆-生姜、蚕豆-甜玉米的产值较高,在贵州山地多数果园不具备条件;套作绿肥-大豆模式对水源、交通、土壤等条件要求较低,总体效益较高,可以在澳洲坚果山地幼龄果园中普遍推广。

Taking not interplanting as the control,designing several interplanting modes for young macadamia orchard in mountainous region（ interplanting green manure,broad bean,rape and vegetable in spring; interplanting soybean,fresh ginger,sweet corn,myotonin and vegetable in summer）,the author studied the benefits of various interplanting modes and their effects on the soil nutrient and young tree growth. These six kinds of intercropping modes all reduced the weeding cost of the orchard by 1275yuan/hm^2,and increased the income of farmers by 5310- 23460 yuan/hm^2. Interplanting high-stalk crops sweet corn and myotonin 1 meter away from macadamia plants had little effect on the growth of young macadamia trees. The soil nutrient content in the orchard increased obviously after interplanting. The output value of interplanting vegetable,broad bean-fresh ginger,and broad bean-sweet corn was higher,but most of mountainous orchards in Guizhou have no interplanting conditions. The interplanting mode of green manure-soybean had low requirements for water supply,transportation and soil,and could obtain higher overall benefit. Thus this interplanting mode can be popularized in young macadamia orchard in mountainous region.