黑色全膜覆土马铃薯机械种植增产增效试验研究

Experimental study on increasing yield and efficiency of mechanical potato planting with whole black film mulching technology

为探索马铃薯全膜覆土机械种植技术的增产潜力,实现半干旱及干旱地区马铃薯抗旱种植技术的机械操作。采用同田随机区组排列设计,将黑色全膜覆土马铃薯机械种植技术(机具为2CM—2型马铃薯全膜双垄沟播种机)与当地大垄机械覆膜人工穴播、黑色全膜马铃薯大垄侧穴播人工种植、秸秆覆盖种植、露地种植进行对比试验,通过产量测定、劳动力成本核算等对该技术的经济效益进行分析。结果表明:该技术比露地种植和人工覆膜种植单位面积(每公顷)分别增产10 558.5kg与5 592kg;同时比露地种植单位面积节约劳动力成本4 549.5元,比人工覆膜种植单位面积节约劳动力成本5 299.5元,比露地种植提高单位面积纯收益17 220.15元,比人工覆膜种植提高单位面积纯收益12 009.9元。本研究有助于黑色全膜覆土马铃薯机械种植技术的推广,而且为其它机械化种植增效研究提供参考。

In order to explore the production potential of whole film mulching technology for mechanical potato planting, and achieve the mechanical potato planting in semi-arid and arid areas, the whole black film mulching technology （with 2CM--2 potato dual ditch seeder） was compared with several local planting modes, by using field randomized block design. The local planting modes include ar- tificial bunch planting with mechanical film covering and big ridges, artificial planting with whole black film mulching and bunch plant- ing beside the ridge, cultivation with straw mulching and outdoor planting. After accounting the yield and labor cost, the economic benefits of these modes were analyzed. The result indicated that whole black film mulching can increased the yield by 10 558.5kg and 5 592kg per area, compared with outdoor planting and artificial laminating planting respectively, and saved the labor cost by 4 549.5 yuan and 5 299.5 yuan per area respectively. The net benefit of whole black film mulching was 17 220.15 yuan per area higher than the outdoor planting, and 12 009.9 yuan per area higher than the artificial laminating planting. This research has advantages for pro- moting the whole black film mulching technology, and provides reference for other researches about increasing efficiency of mechanical planting.