地域变化对“候鸟老人”健康状况的影响

Cross-sectional study of influence of regional variations on migrant elder health status

目的了解"候鸟老人"的来源地、就诊科室,观察"候鸟老人"在岛生活6个月前后一般情况、生化指标、心理状态、营养状况、运动和睡眠情况的变化,并探讨地域变化对"候鸟老人"健康状况的影响。方法选择2015年9月~2016年4月在解放军总医院海南分院就诊的在岛时间达6个月的"候鸟老人"200名,分别采用自制问卷、焦虑自测量表(SAS)、抑郁自测量表(SDS)、微型营养评定问卷(MNA)对"候鸟老人"健康状况进行问卷调查。通过中国环境监测总站、天气网数据,回顾2015年9月~2016年4月海南与其他19个省、自治区、直辖市的历史最高、最低平均温度和空气质量指数(AQI)。结果在岛生活6个月后,"候鸟老人"体重、体质量指数、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白水平均低于入岛时,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺活量明显高于入岛时,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。焦虑自测量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自测量表(SDS)评分均低于入岛时,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。每周运动次数、每次运动时间均高于入岛时,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),营养状况和睡眠时间6个月前后无明显差异。2015年9月~2016年4月海南的平均温度明显高于其他19个省、自治区、直辖市,海南的AQI明显优于其他19个地区。结论海南岛的温度、气候、空气质量等对"候鸟老人"体重、体质量指数、血压、肺活量、生化指标、心理、运动情况等均有改善作用。因此,海南的环境对"候鸟老人"健康状况有一定的改善作用。

Objective To understand origin and medical department of ＂migrant elder＂,to observe the changes of ＂migrant elder＂living on the Hainan island before and after six months on general situation,biochemical indexes,psychological state,nutrition, exercise and sleep conditions,and to discuss the influence of ＂migrant elder＂ health condition. Methods A total of 200 ＂migrant elder＂ seeing doctor in Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital living the island over 6 months were selected in this study. Respectively using self-designed questionnaire,self-test anxiety scale （SAS）,self-test depression scale （SDS）,was carried out on ＂migrant elder＂ health condition. Through China＇s environmental monitoring station and weather data ,review the highest and lowest average temperature and Air Quality Index （AQI） of Hainan and other 19 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities from September 2015 to April 2016. Results At six months after living on the island body weight,body mass index,systolic pressure, diastolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low density lipoprotein （P=0.04）of ＂migrant elder＂ were statistically lower at beginning of living on the island （P〈0.01）,lung capacity were statistically higher than at beginning of living on the island（P〈0.01）. Self-test anxiety scale （SAS） score and depression self-test scale （SDS） score were statistically lower than at beginning of living on the island （P〈0.01）. Exercise frequency and exercise time were statistically higher than at beginning of living on the island （P〈0.01）. Mini nutritional assessment questionnaire （MNA）score and the sleeping time has no obvious statistically difference. Between September 2015 and April 2016,the average temperature of the Hainan were significantly higher than the other 19 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities,AQI were superior to the other 19 area. Conclusion Temperature,climate and air quality of Hainan island all have improving effect on ＂migrant elder＂ of body weight,body mass index,blood pressure,lung capacity, biochemical indexes,psychology,nutrition and movement,so the spatial variations of＂migrant elder＂have certain health benefits.