我国饮用水中亚硝胺类消毒副产物暴露水平的Meta分析

The exposure level of nitrosamines disinfection by-products in drinking water of China:a Meta analysis

目的探讨我国饮用水中亚硝胺类(Nitrosamines,NAms)消毒副产物(Disinfection by-products,DBPs)的暴露水平及暴露特征。方法系统检索1996年至2016年公开发表的关于中国饮用水处理厂原水、各工艺环节处理水、出厂水及管网水中NAms类DBPs暴露情况的文献。检索数据库包括维普中文期刊数据库、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、Web of science、Pubmed及Google Scholar中收录的中英全文。文献检索关键词为:"亚硝胺""消毒副产物""饮用水"检索字段均为全文任意字段。采用Meta分析对检索到的有关我国饮用水中NAms类DBPs暴露情况的研究结果进行综合分析。结果我国饮用水处理厂原水、各工艺环节处理水、出厂水及管网水中均有NAms类DBPs被检出,检出种类为9种,浓度均为ng/L级,其中N-亚硝基二甲胺(N-Nitrosodimethylamine,NDMA)是检出率和检出浓度最高的一类,最高浓度达78.93 ng/L;采用氯胺消毒的水厂NAms类DBPs在出厂水中浓度比原水中浓度明显升高;生物活性炭的使用可降低出厂水中NAms类DBPs的浓度;我国饮用水中NAms污染可来自原水或氯胺消毒过程。结论我国饮用水中NAms污染可来自原水或氯胺消毒过程;我国饮用水NAms类DBPs在出厂水与管网水中检出率较高者为NDMA、N-亚硝基二乙胺(N-nitrosodiethylamine,NDEA)及N-亚硝基甲基乙基胺(N-Nitrosomethyl ethylamine,NMEA),其平均浓度在出厂水中分别为10.44、5.62和3.33 ng/L,在管网水中分别为11.89、4.64和6.10 ng/L。

Objective To evaluate exposure of nitrosamines （NAres） in drinking water from various regions of China. Methods Literatures published between 1991 -2016 which consisting of the exposure of NAres disinfec- tion by -products（DPBs） in source water, raw water, clearing water, finished water and tap water at drinking wa- ter treatment plants of China were reviewed from Weipu database, CNKI, Wangfang database, Web of science, Pub reed and Google Scholar. We searched papers involving exposure to NAres in English and Chinese with the key word of ＂nitrosamine＂ ,＂ disinfection by - products＂ and ＂ drinking water＂. We evaluate the exposure of NAres by conducting Meta analysis. Results These reports demonstrate that NAms were all detected out in source water, raw water,clearing water, finished water and tap water and the level were ng/L. The results showed that N - Ni- trosodimethylamine（NDMA） is the most frequently detected with highest concentration in the drinking water with the highest concentration of 78.93 ng/L. Chloramine disinfection generated more NAres and biological activatedcarbon disinfection produce less NAms than conventional disinfection technologies. These researches show that NAres in drinking water derived from source water or chloramine disinfection process. Conclusion NAres can de- rive from source water or chloramine disinfection in drinking water of China. NDMA, N - nitrosodiethylamine （NDEA） and N - Nitrosomethylethylamine （NMEA） are the most frequently detected in the finished water and tap water of China. The average concentration of NDMA, NDEA, NMEA are 10.44,5.62,3.33 ng/L in finished wa- ter,and 11.89,4.64 and 6.10 ng/L in tap water of China.