职业健康监护实践中的伦理问题初探

Ethical Issues in Occupation Health Surveillance

职业健康监护是一项由《职业病防治法》强制用人单位执行的监护项目,并且是预防职业病发生的行之有效的手段。在监护实践过程中,需要以公共卫生伦理学理论为指导,探讨如何平衡企业利益与劳动者健康的关系,实现共赢。从劳动者的个体权利、职业卫生机构对于个人信息的保护、职业病鉴定的公正性等方面,对职业卫生的伦理问题进行了探索。最后提出在实践中,需要以遵循伦理准则为基础,将保障劳动者职业健康权益作为核心目标,构建三方责任体系,加强劳动者自身的维权意识,落实国家对弱势群体的保护策略并且构建企业的社会责任评价体系。

Occupation health surveillance is a program that employers are mandated to implement by Law of the People＇s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, which is an efficient measure in occupational diseases prevention. Public health ethics should be used as the principles to standard the practice of public health and establish beneficial and win-win relationship between employers ＇ benefits and employees＇ health. This paper discussed the worker＇s rights and interests, the privacy protection of individual information from health monitoring and the justice appraisal of occupational diseases. Finally, the authors advocated that the employers＇ benefits should be protected in occupational practice according to the core goal based on ethics principle. A tripartite responsibility system should be established, which include strengthening the awareness of self-protection among workers, implementing the national protection strategies for vulnerable groups and constructing the social responsibility evaluation system of enterprises.