从当代品格教育到发展性品格教育——21世纪美国价值教育的转变与实践

From Contemporary Character Education to Developmental Character Education——The Transformation and Practice of American Values Education in 21st Century

当代品格教育作为美国道德教育发展的第三个历史阶段,从20世纪80年代末延续至今。此价值教育形式因忽视外在社会因素,未涉及价值冲突与真实情境,错把价值概念作为教育关键,忽视对于价值原则的思考,异化学生行为目的及未关注学生发展性差异等缺陷而受到批判。"发展性品格教育"作为新形态的美国价值教育,对当代品格教育进行完善,重新吸收不同理论精髓,用发展、全面、动态的视角重新建构品格教育,弥补了当代品格教育存在的缺陷,并提出新的实践策略。

As the third stage of history of American moral education, contemporary character education is still the main values education practice form from the late 1980s. However contemporary character education are criticized for its ignoring the external social related factors, not considering values conflicts and real situation, incorrectly putting values concept as the core task, neglecting the discussion of values principles, alienating the aim of students values behaviors and paying no attention to development difference of students. Instead, developmental character education adjusts and improves contemporary character education by absorbing the essence of different values and moral education theories, using developmental, comprehensive and dynamic perspective to reconstruct character education, making up the defects of contemporary character education and putting forward a new practical strategy.