上海郊区三类典型生境的两栖类分布特征

DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIAN IN THREE TYPICAL HABITATS OF RURAL SHANGHAI

上海郊区农田,林地,湿地(池塘)三类典型生境是两栖类最主要的栖息地,生境的差异以及两栖类生态特征的不同造成了两栖类在分布上的差异。2014年和2016年5~8月对上海郊区三类典型生境的30个研究样点两栖类生物多样性进行调查,并运用单因素方差分析对三类生境的两栖类群落结构进行比较,通过层次聚类法分析不同生境的两栖类组成相似性。结果显示:(1)两年间共记录到上海郊区两栖类动物1目4科4属5种5 397只,其中泽陆蛙(Fejervarya multistriata),金线侧褶蛙(Pelophylax plancyi)为优势种。黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculata),中华蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans),饰纹姬蛙(Microhyla fissipes)为常见种。这5种两栖类都为广型分布种。(2)三类生境的两栖类物种丰富度无显著性差异,而两栖类多度差异显著。(3)泽陆蛙,饰纹姬蛙的种群密度在三类生境中差异显著,且在农田生境中最高。黑斑侧褶蛙,金线侧褶蛙的种群密度在三类生境中差异显著且在池塘生境中最高。中华蟾蜍在三类生境中的种群密度无显著性差异。(4)聚类结果为30个研究样点中林地生境与池塘生境被聚为一类,农田生境被单独聚为一类。建议通过对不同生境的保护与恢复达到对上海郊区两栖类生物多样性保护的目的。

Cropland, woodland and wetland （pond） were three main typical habitats for amphibians in rural Shanghai, the difference of habitats and amphibian ecological characteristics caused diverse distribution of amphibians. From May to August in 2014 and 2016, amphibian biodiversity survey were conducted in 30 study sites of three typical habitats in rural Shanghai. One-Way ANOVA was used to compare the amphibian community structure across three habitats in rural Shanghai, hierarchical clustering method was undertaken to analyze the similarity of amphibian community structure in different habitat. The results showed that a total of 5 397 anuran individuals were recorded in two years, belonging to 1 order, 4 families, 4 genera and 5 species. The dominant species of amphibian in rural Shanghai were Fejervarya multistriata and Pelophylax plancyi, meanwhile Pelophylax nigromaculata, Bufo gargarizans and Microhyla fissipes were common species. All five amphibian species were defined as wide distribution species. There were significant differences in the species richness of amphibian among the rural habitats, but we did not find any corresponding significant differences in the abundance. F. multistriata and M. fissipes had a significant higher population density in cropland habitat. P. nigromaculata and P. plancyi had a significant higher population density in pond habitat. We did not find significant difference in population densities of B. gargarizans among different habitats. The results of cluster method indicated that woodland and pond habitats were classified into the same group, however, the cropland habitats were classified into another one. Our study suggests that habitat protection and restoration in rural Shanghai is one of the key issues to undertake the biodiversity conservation for amphibians.