命名转喻观——以石钟山命名为例

The Metonymy-naming View:A Case Study of Naming the Stone Bell Mountain

索氏的结构主义语言学和乔氏的转换生成语言学的哲学基础都为唯心论,而认知语言学则与其针锋相对,力主从唯物论角度研究语言,提出了"现实—认知—语言"这一核心原则,认为语言是基于对现实世界的"体(互动体验)"和"认(认知加工)"形成的。在认知加工机制中隐喻和转喻当为首要,而近来的研究发现后者比前者更为重要。笔者基于此提出了"命名转喻观":人们通过"体认"感知到某事物的一个特征,就据此来为其命名,从而出现了"部分代整体"的转喻现象。位于江西九江境内"石钟山"的命名理据曾引来多位文人骚客的关注,出现了诸多解释,其实,他们的解释都未跳出"命名转喻"这一认知机制。该观点或许还预示:人类只能求得相对局部的知识,永远识不得世界真面貌。

The philosophy basis of both Saussurean Structural Linguistics and Chomskyan Transformational Generative Linguis-tics is idealism, as opposed to which Cognitive Linguistics advocates that language research should base itself on materialism,thus raising the kernal principle of ＂Reality-Cognition-Language＂, which means language is created through the interactiveembodiment （ ti） and cognitive processing （ ren）. In the cognitive processing, metaphor and metonymy play the mostimportant role, but recent studies have shown that the latter is much more important than the former. The authors have accord-ingly proposed metonymy-naming view ： an object is named after one of its characters through embodied cognition based on themetonymy phenomenon of ＂Part for Whole＂. The naming motivations of ＂the Stone Bell Mountain＂ in Jiujiang of Jiangxi prov-ince have drawn the concerns of a few scholars in history, who have put forward their own explanations which can all be ana-lyzed by the cognitive mechanism of ＂ metonymy-naming view＂. This view may also predict that only partial knowledge of theworld can be learned by human beings without the mastery of its real whole.