社区老年人自我感知老化与健康状况的相关性研究

Study on the Relationship Between Self-perception of Aging of the Community Elderly and Health Condition

目的:分析社区老年人的自我感知老化水平及健康状况,并探讨其相关性。方法:采取整群分层随机的抽样方法,从唐山市抽取3个社区和3个老年公寓,以60岁以上的1392名老年人作为研究对象,采用自我感知老化问卷中文版(C-APQ)、健康状况问卷第二版(SF-36V2)进行调查。结果:社区老年人C-APQ中的急/慢性时间性(3.56±0.94)、周期时间性(3.43±0.75)、情感特征(3.12±0.65)等8个各维度的得分均高于中间值,SF-36V2量表中的生理机能(68.23±15.76)等8个维度的得分均低于中国普通人群常模(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,SF-36V2量表中的生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感功能、精神健康等各维度与C-APQ中的积极控制、积极结果呈正相关(P<0.05),与急/慢性时间性、周期时间性、情感特征、消极控制、消极结果、认同呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 :社区老年人的健康状况对其自我感知老化的负面影响较大,健康状况低于正常水平,社区工作者应促进老年人积极的自我感知老化,进而提高健康水平。

Objective To analysis the self - perception of aging of the elderly level and health condition, and explore their relationship. Methods A cluster stratified random sampling was conducted to recruit 1392 caregivers who were beyond 60 years old from 3 communities and 3 apartments for the old in Tangshan, and they were investigated by the Chinese version of Aging Percep- tion Questionnaire （C -APQ） and SF -36 Health Survey Questionnaire. Results The scores of acute/chronic timeline （3.56 ±0. 94） and the other 7 dimensions in the C - APQ were all higher than the median. The scores of physical functioning （68.23 ±15.76） and the other 7 dimensions in the SF -36 were all lower than the domestic norms （P 〈0. 05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the positive correlations were found between positive control, positive consequences and the 8 dimensions in the SF - 36 （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The acute/chronic timeline, cyclical timeline, emotional representations, negative control, negative consequences, identity were all negatively correlated with the 8 dimensions in the SF - 36 （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The community elderly held more negative views on the effect of aging and their health condition was worse than normal old people. The community staff should help the elderly hold positive perception of their own aging which will improve their health status.