基于生态系统服务供需的广东省绿地生态网络建设分区

Zoning for the construction of green space ecological networks in Guangdong Province based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services

绿地生态网络是城市地域生态持续性的重要保障,分区管控则是实现省域绿地生态网络差异化建设目标的基本原则。考虑到生态系统服务的供给和需求能够有效表征绿地生态网络建设的生态本底与生态需求,以县域为研究单元,采用修正的生态系统服务价值量核算生态系统服务供给量,以土地利用开发程度、人口密度和地均GDP表征生态系统服务需求量,基于供需分析提出广东省绿地生态网络建设分区方案。研究结果表明,按照各区县生态本底和生态需求差异分为四大类型区:Ⅰ城市生态节点保育型,包含13个区县,包含潮州市湘桥区、汕头市金平区、佛山市顺德区、广州市南沙区、黄埔区、荔湾区、越秀区、海珠区、深圳市盐田区、罗湖区、南山区、肇庆市端州区、珠海市金湾区等,为生态本底好-生态需求高的区域,在建设中应重点关注城市大型绿地游憩、科教等社会-生态复合功能;Ⅱ城市生境斑块修复型,包含34个区县,主要分布在珠三角核心区及粤东沿海地区,为生态本底差-生态需求高的区域,在建设中需要加大资金投入、完善城市绿色基础设施;Ⅲ为城郊潜在节点重构型,包含21个区县,主要分布在珠三角的江门、惠州、粤西沿海区域以及粤东中部,为生态本底差-生态需求低的区域,应以生态经济为导向,在产业空间重构的基础上,以城市反哺乡村,推进区域生态空间优化;Ⅳ城郊源地网络连通型,包含55个区县,主要分布在广东省北部地区,为生态本底好-生态需求低地区,应强化生态源地的保护,保障生态系统服务流向周边区域的持续输送。分区方案基本表征了广东省县域生态本底和生态需求的空间差异,能够为绿地生态网络建设提供规划指引。

Green space ecological networks are essential for urban ecological sustainability, and it is necessary to adapt to local conditions when constructing such green space ecological networks. Supply and demand for ecosystem services can effectively characterize the level of ecological supply and demand for the establishment of green space ecological networks. This research provides a scheme for zoning Guangdong Province based on a supply and demand analysis at a county scale. The supply of ecosystem services was calculated by modified values of ecosystem services, whereas the demand of ecosystem services was represented by land use intensity, population density, and GDP per area. The results show that all the counties could be sorted into four types. The first type is an urban ecological conservation node, which contains 13 counties with good ecological supply and high ecological demand. Urban construction should focus on the integrated functions of large green spaces, such as recreation, science, and education. The second type is an urban habitat patch repair node, which contains 34 counties with poor ecological supply and high ecological demand. Urban construction should increase capital investment to perfect green infrastructure. The third type is a suburban potential remodeling node, containing 21 counties with poor ecological supply and low ecological demand. Urban construction should be eco-oriented. Based on industrial reconstruction, it is possible to optimize regional ecological space through rural urban financing. The fourth type is a suburban source network connectivity node, including 55 counties with good ecological supply and low ecological demand. This type should strengthen ecological source protection and guarantee continued delivery of ecosystem services to the surrounding areas. This zoning scheme could generally characterize spatial differences of ecological supply and demand, and aims to provide ecological network planning guidelines for green space construction.