生命周期管理研究述评

Critical review of life cycle management

生命周期管理起源于生命周期思想,它是生命周期思想在实践中的具体应用,是面向可持续生产和消费,对产品、工艺和服务的全生命周期环境影响进行的综合管理,是解决复合生态系统中结构无序、效率不高和代谢冗余的有效途径,是基于生命周期评价原则与框架的一种环境管理手段或环境管理体系。全面回顾了生命周期管理的起源与内涵,阐述了生命周期管理与生命周期评价的区别与联系,梳理了生命周期管理与环境管理体系的关系。对生命周期管理在产品、企业、行业及城市等层次上的具体应用进行了总结与述评,并对其今后需深入研究的方向进行了展望。

Life cycle management （LCM） originated from life cycle assessment （LCA）. It is an environmental management method or environmental management system （EMS） based on the principles or framework of LCA. LCM involves the application of LCA ideas, including comprehensive management of entire life cycles of products, techniques, and services based on sustainable production and consumption. It is an effective route to resolve problems such as structure disorder, lower eco-efficiency, and redundant metabolism in complex ecosystems. The origin and connation of LCM were fully reviewed, the differences and connections between LCM and LCA were examined, and the relationship between LCA and EMS was also analyzed. The application of LCM at the levels of products, enterprise, industry, and city were summarized and critically reviewed. At product level, LCM was mostly applied to the evaluation and management of industrial products, but rarely to technique and engineering or assessment of environmental performance. At enterprise level, LCM research focused on comprehensive management and decision-making regarding products and techniques for a few large enterprises, but rarely for medium-sized or small enterprises. At industry level, available LCM methods were applied to deconstruct the value chains of different industries and industrial ecological chains, which were used to evaluate resource-use efficiency, material consumption intensity, and environmental impact of all chains. At city level, LCM mainly focused on solid waste management, and research methods included material flow analysis, life cycle cost analysis, and life cycle assessment. Lastly, future research fields of LCM were discussed from six perspectives.