自然保护区居民生计资本与生计策略

Livelihood Capital and Livelihood Strategies of Residents in Nature Reserve

[目的]研究自然保护区居民的生计资本核算和生计策略,帮助保护区居民根据生计资本特点选择生计策略。[方法]选取地理区位和自然环境特点各具代表性的3个自然保护区农村并分析其社会经济数据,使用可持续生计资本框架的扩展核算这3个村庄的生计资本。[结果]通过核算这3个村庄生计资本的总量和结构,发现自然资本相对优良的中沙村的生计资本总量反而最小,而自然资本相对薄弱的西靖村和李子坝的生计资本总量反而较高。李子坝村的物质资本和金融资本在其生计资本中所占比例均较高,说明物质资本和金融资本对自然保护区居民生计资本总量的作用强度较高。[结论]自然资本对自然保护区居民生计资本总量的作用强度较低,信息资本在保护区居民生计资本总量增长和积累中的作用越来越明显。

[Objective] The livelihood capital and livelihood strategies of residents in nature reserve were researched to help the residents in nature reserve to choose livelihood strategy according to characteristic of its livelihood capital.[Methods] Three representative villages with regard to their geographic location and natural environment in rural areas were selected and the socioeconomic data were collected. The expanded sustainable livelihood framework was used for accounting livelihood capital of these 3 villages.[Results] According to the amount and structure of livelihood capital, we found that, in Zhongsha Village, though the natural capital was relatively good, the livelihood capital was the minimum. On the contrary, the livelihood capital was higher in Xijing and Liziba Village where the natural capitals were relatively weak. The proportions of material capital and financial capital in Liziba Village were comparatively higher, indicating that the two items have more important role for total livelihood capital.[Conclusion] The natural capital was unimportant for local residents＇ livelihood capital. At the same time, the role of information capital acting on the growth and accumulation of total amount of livelihood capital of residents in nature reserves is becoming more and more obvious.