北方城市海绵社区生态效益分析

Analysis on Ecological Benefits of Sponge Community in Northern Cities

[目的]分析海绵社区建设带来的经济效益、生态效益,为中国海绵城市建设提供技术参考。[方法]以北京市通州区某建筑小区为研究对象,通过增设屋顶绿化、下凹式绿地、雨水调蓄池等雨水渗蓄措施,对比增设设施前后外排量、节水量、回补地下水量、消除污染而减少的社会损失量、节电量、固碳释氧量的变化。[结果]研究区增设雨水调蓄设施后,年单位面积总效益增加量为38 566元/(hm^2·a),年单位面积节约中水量为208m3/(hm^2·a),年单位面积节电量为145(kW·h)/(hm^2·a),年单位面积回补地下水增加量为281m3/(hm^2·a),年固碳增加量为0.02t/(hm^2·a),年固氧增加量为0.01t/(hm^2·a)。[结论]采用雨水调蓄设施,在节水、节能、截污等方面均可产生具有明显的经济效益和生态效益,值得大力推广和提倡。

[Objective] To provide technical reference for the construction of sponge community in northern city, the paper analyzed the effects of economic and ecological benefits from sponge community construction.[Methods] A residential district was studied to support the sponge community construction in Tongzhou District of Beijing. To examine the benefits of rainwater storage facilities, the paper analyzed the consequent effects of several measures in the case of sponge community construction, e.g., increasing green roof, concaving green land and constructing rainwater storage tank. The effects, mainly referring to the amounts of excluding rainwater, saving water, groundwater recharge, reducing social loss for eliminating pollution, saving electricity, and the amounts of carbon fixation and oxygen release were compared to the ones of no measures taken.[Results] The total benefit of the increasing amount of per unit area was 38 566 yuan/（hm2·a） after adding rainwater storage facilities. The amount of saving water was 208 m3/（hm2·a）. The amount of saving electricity was 145 （kW·h）/（hm2·a）. The increasing amount of groundwater recharge was 281 m3/（hm2·a）. The increasing amount of carbon fixation was 0.02 t/（hm2·a）. The increasing amount of oxygen release was 0.01 m3/（hm2·a）.[Conclusion] It is worth promoting and advocating to add the rainwater storage facilities for its obvious economic and ecological benefits in terms of water saving, electricity saving and sewage interception.