江苏省沿海地区土地利用变化及其生态效应

Land Use Change and Its Ecology Effects in Coastal Region of Jiangsu Province

[目的]分析江苏沿海地区的土地利用类型和空间变化,探讨江苏沿海地区土地利用变化产生的生态效应,为土地利用规划提供理论支持。[方法]以江苏沿海地区1990,2000和2010年3期土地利用类型数据为基础,借助GIS技术和Costanza等的生态服务价值计算模型,求取土地利用动态度、综合程度指数、质心变化和生态服务价值量等,并进行剖析。[结果]1990—2010年,研究区内耕地、林地和草地的面积减少,水域、城乡建设用地和未利用地的面积增加。城乡建设用地的扩张占用了耕地,对耕地的补充主要是草地,草地、未利用地和城乡建设用地在空间位置上变化较大。耕地、林地和草地面积的减少使得研究区生态服务价值降低,而水域的面积的增加带来的生态效益弥补了因上述用地类型面积减少造成的损失。[结论]1990—2010年研究区生态服务价值增加了24.34亿元,但从空间上来看,生态增值区分布范围小,主要集中在盐城的东部沿海,而生态减值区分布范围较广且有扩大的趋势,有待通过规划等措施强化土地利用变化的综合调控。

[Objective] The changes of land use types and spatial distribution in coastal area of Jiangsu Province were demonstrated and the subsequent ecological effects were discussed to provide theoretical supports for land use planning.[Methods] Based on the land use data of the coastal region of Jiangsu Province in 1990, 2000 and 2010, supported by GIS technology, dynamic degree of land use, comprehensive degree index, the gravity center and the value of ecological service, etc, were calculated using ecological service value calculation model of Costanza.[Results] Areas of arable land, forestland and grassland were all reduced, while water area, urban-rural construction land and unused land area increased in researched region during 1990 to 2010. The expansion of urban-rural construction land occupied arable land, and the supplement of arable land was mainly about the exploitation of grassland. The grassland, unused land and urban-rural construction land were highly changed in terms of their spatial position. Due to the reductions of farmland, forestland and grassland, ecosystem services value in the study area was reduced. And ecological benefits from the increase of water area made up for the loss caused by area reductions of the above land use types.[Conclusion] During 1990 to 2010, the ecological service value increased by 2.434 billion yuan in the study area. But ecological benefited area was small, mainly distributes in the eastern coastal zone of Yancheng. Ecological damaged areas distribute widely, and the area has a tendency to expand. It is necessary to take land use planning and other measures to comprehensively control land use change.