基于自动站观测的贵阳强降水特征分析

Characteristic analysis of heavy rainfall in Guiyang based on automatic station observation

利用2010年1月—2016年12月贵阳市67个自动站逐时降水资料,采用K-means聚类方法,分析贵阳市强降水的精细化时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)贵阳市短时强降水以及暴雨呈南多北少,其中短时强降水在清镇南部和花溪南部最为活跃,暴雨在清镇南部最为活跃,大暴雨则在清镇西南部最为活跃。(2)K-means聚类方法可清晰地区分贵阳南部强降水活跃区(称为Ⅰ区)与中北部强降水相对不活跃区(称为Ⅱ区)。(3)贵阳市强降水主要出现在5—8月。在强降水活跃期,中北部强降水频次的月差异较大;而南部的月差异较小。(4)贵阳市强降水具有明显出现在夜间的特征。中北部强降水出现活跃时间比南部偏早1~2 h,但南部降水强度明显强于中北部。

The hourly precipitation data from 67 automatic stations in Guiyang from Janual7 2010 to December 2016 was used to analyze the Space - time distribution characteristics of heavy rainfall in Guiyang by K - means clustering method. The results show that ： （ 1 ） The short - duration heavy rain （here after SDHR） and rainstorm were more in the south and less in the north. The short - duration heavy rain is the most active in the south of Qing- zhen and the south of Huaxi. The rainstorm is the most active in the south of Qingzhen and the heavy rainstorm is the nl- ,,! -ctive in the southwest of Qingzhen. （2） By using the K - means clustering method, the heavy rain region of Guiyang is divided into the active part in the south（I） and the relatively inactive part in the central -northern （II）. （3） The heavy rainfall in Guiyang mainly occurred from May to August. The difference in the frequency of heavy rainfall of the month is large in the central - northern while it is small in the south in the aclive period of heavy rain. （4） The heavy rainfal in Guiyang mainly occurred at night, and it can be active 1 -2 hours earlier in the central - northern part than in the south part. The rainfall in the south is much stronger than that in the central - northern part.