海洋盐生植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)对环境盐度胁迫的耐受性及营养价值综合评价

SALT TOLERANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SALINITY STRESS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SESUVIUM PORTULACASTRUM,AN IMPORTANT HALOPHYTE

通过水培实验,系统研究了广泛分布于全球热带和亚热带海岸的多年生匍匐性肉质草本盐生植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)在不同盐度培养条件下的生长,探讨其盐环境适应性和适宜栽培盐度,并测定海马齿的营养成分,对其营养价值进行评价。结果表明,海马齿在35和30盐度下的生长受到明显抑制,茎间变短,叶子肉质化程度加重。在0—20盐度条件下能快速生长,是栽培的适宜盐度。海马齿具有高蛋白低脂肪的营养特点,含有丰富的水分,肉质多汁,平均营养价值估算法得出的ANV分数为2.95—2.96,营养综合评分为2,第四类营养等级,总体营养价值高于红萝卜、马铃薯、莴苣笋、大白菜等多种常见蔬菜,属于营养价值稍高的植物。每100g海马齿食用部分,其能量为74.9—93.3k J,水分为93g,灰分为2.6g,碳水化合物为1.4g,蛋白质为3.0g,粗纤维为0.95g;含有亚麻酸和亚油酸两种必需脂肪酸;含有丰富的矿质元素,其含量大小为Na>K>Ca>Mg>P>I>Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu>Se,可为人体提供常量及微量元素的补充;维生素E含量最高,β-胡萝卜素次之;含有16种必需氨基酸,种类齐全。谷氨酸含量最高,蛋氨酸含量最低,含有丰富的鲜味氨基酸,其含量占总氨基酸的23.02%。海马齿含有配比合理的丰富必需氨基酸,占总氨基酸的比例为39.39%。其必需氨基酸RAA值为0.19—0.25,RC为0.84—1.09,SRC为90.69,是极具潜力的可开发为高营养绿色保健的野生海洋蔬菜品种。

Sesuvium portulacastrum, a creeping halophyte, is a perennial herb, distributed in tropical and subtropical shores, edible plant. S. portulacastrum was cultivated on the conditions of hydroponics of different salinity, its growth phenotype was examined, and its salt adaptability and suitable cultivation salinity were investigated. In addition, the nutritive composition of S. portulacastrum was measured, is aimed at evaluating the nutritive value. Results showed that the growth of S. portulacastrum were remarkably restricted in the 35 and 30 salinity, the internodes became shorter and the leaves more fleshy. Between the salinity of 0 and 20, a significant growth were observed, is suitable for cultivation. S. portulacastrum contained high protein and low fat, rich in moisture. The Average nutritive value（ANV） is 2.95—2.96, comprehensive score of nutritive is 2, belongs to the fourth level which is rich in nutrition, higher than various common vegetables such as carror, potato（Solanum tuberosum）, Lactuca sativa, Chinese cabbage. Per 100 g edible part in S. portacalatrum, the energy was 74.9—93.3k J, the content water, ash, carbohydrate, protein, crude fiber were 93 g, 2.6g, 1.4g, 3.0g and 0.95 g, respectively. The plant contained two kinds of essential fatty acid, linolenic acid and linoleic acid, and rich in mineral elements, the amount of content was NaKCaMgPIMnFeZnCuSe, which could provide major and trace elements for human. The content of vitamin E was highest, the Beta-Carotene was higher. It contained 16 kinds of amino acids which are in sufficiency quantity and reasonable proportion, the content of glutamic acid was highest, where as methionine was lowest. The plant rich in flavor amino acids, the proportion is 23.02% in total amino acids. The proportion of essential amino acids was reasonable（39.9%）. RAA is 0.19—0.25, RC is 0.84—1.09 and SRC is 90.69. S. portulacastrum is a potentially green wild vegetable resource.