动物来源放线菌的次级代谢产物及其生物活性研究进展

Advances in secondary metabolites produced by actinobacteria derived from animal-microbe mutualism and their biological activities

放线菌是抗生素的主要来源之一,在人类对抗由致病菌产生的感染性疾病的过程中发挥了不可替代的防治作用。近年来,由于耐药菌株的不断涌现,促使人们加快寻找新的抗生素的步伐。寄生于动物体内的共生放线菌,是目前药用微生物资源的一个重要来源,也是当前微生物药物研究领域的一个热点。这些微生物在与动物互生共存的演化过程中,组成了一个动物-细菌共同体,进而构建成为一个协调而相对独立的微生态环境。在这一特殊环境中,放线菌所产生的次级代谢产物,既可被动物机体所耐受,又具有抑制特定病原微生物的活性。这类次级代谢产物种类繁多、结构特异,具有抗细菌、真菌、病毒、肿瘤及免疫调节等多种生物活性,具备开发成为新型药物的巨大潜力。本文旨在总结近十年来关于动物来源放线菌的次级代谢产物及其生物学活性的研究进展,为进一步开发新型药物提供参考和研究策略。

Actinobacteria remain to be one of the major sources for new antibiotics, which historically play an essential role in human＇s fight against infectious diseases. Due to the emergence of resistant pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, it is imperative to develop new and effective drugs against these pathogens. The symbiotic actinobacteria residing inside the animals are becoming more and more important as a new source for drug discovery, as well as a ＂hotspot＂ in the field of microbial medicine. During the long period of evolution, a specific host-microbe mutualism is formed between the symbiotic bacteria and their hosts of animals. In this unique ecosystem, the secondary metabolites produced by bacteria are well tolerated by the hosts, meanwhile, are able to selectively suppress pathogenic microorganisms, thus providing a specific protection to their hosts. These secondary metabolites encompass a large variety of structural diversities of natural products, and so far, the reported biological activities are including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects, which give them a great potential in the field of drug discovery. Herein, we review the secondary metabolites of animal symbiotic actinobacteria and their biological activities within the recent decade, by which to provide a viewpoint for future research of drug discovery from actinobacteria.