去油制霜对美洲大蠊减毒增效的影响

Effects of degreasing-frosting on reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy of Periplaneta americana

目的研究去油制霜对美洲大蠊减毒增效的影响。方法美洲大蠊原粉和炮制品的95%乙醇提取物用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水萃取,TLC法比较各部位成分变化,GC-MS法分析炮制前后脂溶性成分种类及含有量,摇瓶法结合紫外分光光度法测定小分子多肽在正辛醇-水及不同pH(2.23、3.28、4.22、5.23、6.12、7.24、8.23、9.10、10.15、纯水)缓冲液中的Papp。结果石油醚部位炮制后,TLC斑点颜色明显变浅,并随着炮制时间延长和压力增大,其变化更为显著;正丁醇、水部位TLC斑点清晰,无明显变化;乙酸乙酯部位无TLC斑点。脂溶性成分的种类在炮制前后相同,但炮制后其绝对含有量均有所降低。与原粉比较,各炮制品中小分子多肽Papp在不同pH下均有显著差异(P<0.05,P<0.01),在同一pH下也有一定差异。结论去油制霜可影响美洲大蠊脂溶性成分含有量及小分子多肽Papp,可能是其减毒增效的机制。

AIM To study the effects of degreasing-frosting on reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy of Periplaneta americana L.. METHODS The 95% ethanol extracts from P. americana raw powder and processed products were extracted by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. TLC was applied to comparing the component changes in various fractions. GC-MS was used for analyzing the kinds and contents of liposoluble constit- uents before and after processing. Shaking flask method combined with UV spectrophotometry method was adopted in the determination of Papp values in octanol-water and different pH values （ 2.23, 3.28, 4.22, 5.23, 6. 12, 7.24, 8.23,9. 10, 10. 15 and pure water） of buffer solutions. RESULTS After the petroleum ether fraction was processed, the colors of TLC spots became much shallower, which changed more significantly with the prolonging of processing time and increase of pressure. The TLC spots in the n-butanol and water fractions were clear without ob- vious changes. And no TLC spots were found in the ethyl acetate fraction. The kinds of liposoluble constituents were the same before and after processing, whose absolute contents were decreased after processing. Compared with raw powder, the Papp values of minor polypeptides in various processed products at different pH values exhibited sig- nificant differences （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0. 01 ） , which also showed certain differences at the same pH values. CON- CLUSION Degreasing-frosting can affect the contents of liposoluble constituents in P. americana and Papp valuesof minor polypeptides, which may be the mechanism of reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy.