论中国著作权合理使用制度的完善——兼评《著作权法修订草案(送审稿)》第43条

Improvement of Fair Use in the Copyright Law of China——Comment on Article 43 of the Draft Amendment of Copyright Law

合理使用是著作权法中激励创作与接近作品之平衡。作品的合理使用能够增进信息的传播和利用、推动知识创新。在数字环境下,作品的表达方式与传播途径多样化,著作权的内容不断丰富、著作权的保护标准亦进一步提高。在著作权强保护的情形下,中国现行《著作权法》第22条列举的12种合理使用情形不能平衡创作的激励与作品的接近,以及私人利益和公共利益。基于此《著作权法修订草案》(送审稿)第43条则采用折中式的立法模式即一般规定与具体列举相结合,扩充了合理使用的适用范围、增强了合理使用的适应性,而第43条尚存待完善之处。

Fair use is the balance between incentive of creation and access to works. Fair use not only promotes dissemination and use of information and communicaiton, but also contributes to knowledge innovation. In the digital age, there are various of ways in expression and communication for works, therefore the content of copyright is growing abundant and the protection standards have also been raised. In the context of strong copyright protection, Article 22 of Copyright Law of China can no longer balance the incentive of creation and access to works, as well as private interests and public interests. Therefore Article 43 of the Draft Amendment of Copyright Law applies the compromised legislative model, which exemplifies 13 circumstances of fair use and generalizes the condition of fair use. Finally the Draft Amendment extends the scope of fair use, intensifies the adaption of fair use, but there are still certain articles which need to be modified.