间充质干细胞治疗主动脉瘤的研究进展

Effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells for aortic aneurysm

主动脉瘤(AA)是严重危害人类健康的心血管系统疾病,一旦破裂出血,死亡率极高。目前AA的治疗主要通过手术干预,但开放手术风险很大;介入治疗虽然创伤较小,但也存在诸多局限性,如解剖结构的限制、远期管理等。因此,有必要探索新方法在早期进行干预。目前认为,AA的发病主要是由于主动脉壁细胞外基质(ECM)合成和降解失衡。慢性炎症能直接或间接地促进该降解过程,是AA形成的重要因素。间充质干细胞(MSC)具有抗炎和免疫抑制的特性,还能特异性地募集到损伤部位,在治疗AA中表现出独特的优势。本文就MSC治疗AA的机制做一综述。

Aortic aneurysm （AA） is a severe cardiovascular disease endangering human health and has an extremely high mortality rate when rupture occurs. Current treatment for AA is mainly through surgery. However, the risk of open surgery is high. While endovascular treatment is minimally invasive, its use limited due to anatomical complexity and long-term management. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new methods for early, interventions. Generally, AA is due to the imbalance of extracellular matrix （ECM） synthesis and degradation in aortic wall. Chronic inflammation especially atherosclerosis can directly or indirectly promote the degradation process, which is an important factor in the pathogenesis of AA. Mesenchymal stem cells （MSC） have antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive properties and homing capacity, ie, migrating to the site of injury, showing unique advantages for AA treatment. This review is about the mechanism of MSC as a treatment for AA.