侵权禁令与执法替代:风险社会公共治理的新思路

Injunctions and Substitutes for Law Enforcement: A New Idea of Public Governance in Risk Society

追求公共善治需要合适的治理工具。作为事先手段的财产规则是转型社会复杂博弈结构下实现公共治理的最优方式,它契合了风险社会的安全诉求,能实现对损害预防的有效激励。研究表明,私人是比政府更好的财产规则的实施者,这意味着侵权禁令是比行政管制更优的治理路径。在转型中国,侵权禁令的推广适用将在很大程度上补充甚至替代行政执法,成为风险社会公共治理的新动力。要利用侵权禁令来提升公共治理水平,必须进行全方位的机制创新,使其更加符合公共决策的需要。

Pursuing public good governance requires appropriate management tools. As an ex-ante way to achieve this goal, property rule is proved to be a superior tool in the complex game structure of social transformation, thus it can meet the safety demand of risk society and provide effective incentives for precau- tion. It is indicated that private execution of property rule is superior to government, which means that in- junction is a better mode of public governance than administrative regulation. In modern China, injunction is an optimal supplement and even a substitute for administrative enforcement of law, and it will become a new impetus to public governance in risk society. In order to use the injunction to promote the public gov- ernance, it is necessary to carry out a full range of mechanism innovation so as to make it more in line with the needs of public decision-making.