长期CO_2加富对日光温室秋冬茬甜椒光合生理及低温适应性的影响

Effects of CO_2 Enrichment on Photosynthetic Physiology and Low Temperature Resistance of Pepper in Solar Greenhouse at Autumn-winter Season

以低温适应性能较好的"帅椒六号"甜椒为试材,设置(600±50)μL·L^(-1)(T1)与(1 200±50)μL·L^(-1)(T2)2个CO_2加富施肥处理,以不施用CO_2为对照(CK),门椒坐住后测定辣椒叶片光合生理指标SPAD值及Rubisco、RCA活性和耐低温性指标丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,研究了长期加富CO_2对甜椒光合生理和低温适应性的影响,以期为冬季在北方地区甜椒种植提供技术参考。结果表明:随着气温降低,各处理甜椒净光合速率、叶片SPAD值、叶片Rubisco和RCA活性均呈显著下降趋势。T2处理在处理30d后甜椒叶片净光合速率在各时段均显著高于CK和T1处理,较CK分别提高23.65%、37.51%、35.67%、16.86%、16.55%;处理60d后,T2净光合速率在11:00、13:00、15:00和17:00等4个时段均显著高于CK和T1处理,较CK分别提高33.16%、30.14%、16.97%、24.71%。T2处理在处理30、60d时,甜椒叶片SPAD值均显著高于CK。处理30d和60d,Rubisco活性均表现为T2处理显著高于CK和T1处理,分别比CK高15.8%、10.9%。RCA活性在处理30、60d均表现为T2处理均显著高于CK,比CK高9.96%、8.56%。不同处理下甜椒叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性表现为T2>T1>CK,T2处理显著高于CK和T1处理。不同处理下甜椒叶片丙二醛含量T2处理显著低于T1处理和CK。可溶性糖含量表现为T2>T1>CK,各处理差异达到显著水平。综上,在秋冬茬日光温室进行1 200μL·L^(-1) CO_2加富施肥可有效增强甜椒光合作用,提高甜椒在低温环境中的适应性,对于甜椒进行越冬栽培具有重要意义。

Abstract：The new pepper variety ＇ Shuaijiao NO. 6＇ was used as test materials to study the effect of long-time CO2 enrichment on photosynthetic physiology and low temperature resistance. As the contrast of no CO2 application（CK）, the experiment designed two kinds of different CO2 concentration level＇s treatments which were （600±50）μL·L-1 the activities of Rubisco and RCA, contents of 1 （T1） and （1 200±50）μL·L-1 （T2） ,SPAD value, MDA and soluble sugar, activities of SOD and CAT were measured after setting the first fruit of pepper, to offer technical reference for planting pepper in south of China in winter. The results showed that with temperature decreasing in winter, the net photosynthetic rate, SPAD value, Rubisco enzyme activity and Rubisco activase enzyme activity of pepper leaves in different treatments were decreased significantly. The net photosynthetic rate of T2 at 11 ： 00,13 ： 00, 15 ： 00 and 17 ： 00 were significantly higher than CK and T1 after processed 30 days. Compared with CK, the net photosynthetic rate of T2 increased by 23.65%, 37.51%, 35.67%, 16.86%,16. 55% at 09：00,11：00,13：00,15：00 and 17：00,respectively. The net photosynthetic rate of T2 at 11： 00, 13： 00, 15：00 and 17：00 were significantly higher than CK and T1 after processed 60 days. Compared with CK, the net photosynthetic rate of T2 increased by 33.16%, 30.14%, 16.97%, 24.71% at 11 ： 00,13 ： 00,15 ： 00 and 17 ： 00, respectively. SPAD values of T2 pepper leaf were significantly higher than CK after processed 30 days and 60 days. Rubisco enzyme activities were significantly higher than CK and T1 after processed 30 days and 60 days. Compared with CK, Rubisco enzyme activities of T2 increased by 15.8% and 10. 9% after processed 30 days, 60 days. Rubisco activase enzyme activities were significantly higher than CK after processed 30 days and 60 days. Compared with CK, Rubisco enzyme activities of T2 increased by 9.96 % and 8.56% after processed 30 days and 60 days. Activities of SOD, POD and CAT of pepper leaves showed T2〉TI〉CK, T2 was significant higher than CK and T1. MDA content of pepper leaves in different treatments showed that T2 was significant lower than CK. Soluble sugar content showed T2〉TI〉CK, and the differences were statistically. On the whole, the treatment of 1 200 μL·L-1 CO2 enrichment in solar greenhouse at autumn-winter season could effectiveiy enhance photosynthesis of pepper, improve chilling resistance of pepper. And it had important significance for winter cultivation on pepper.