北京话塞擦音的声学格局分析

The acoustic pattern of affricates in Beijing Mandarin

与塞音、擦音等音类相比,针对塞擦音的声学实验研究还不太多。本文从两个方面对塞擦音进行声学分析:1)塞擦音的无声闭塞段时长与有声摩擦段时长;2)塞擦音的擦音部分的谱重心与分散程度。论文在此基础上提出时长性质指数(DI)和摩擦性质指数(FI)来反映塞擦音等辅音的声学性质,并由此构建塞擦音的声学格局。通过这些分析看到,塞擦音中"塞"和"擦"的部分与单纯的塞音和擦音相比在声学性质上有很大程度的改变,这从声学上表明塞擦音不简单地等于"塞音+擦音";塞擦音格局能够比较好地反映相关辅音多方面的特性。

Compared with plosives and fricatives,affricates have been poorly studied in terms of acoustic properties.This paper analyzes Mandarin affricates in two perspectives:(1)Duration characteristics,which consist of GAP(duration of closure)and DOF(duration of frication)for affricates;(2)Frication characteristics,which consist of COG(center of gravity)and DIS(dispersion)of affricates.Then duration index(DI)and frication index(FI)are explored to indicate the obstruents'acoustic properties,and acoustic pattern of affricates is established.The main findings are that:(1)compared with simple plosives and fricatives,the plosive parts and the fricative parts of affricates vary in acoustic nature to a large extent,showing that an affricate is not a sequence of a simple stop and a simple fricative.(2)the acoustic pattern of affricates established in this paper suggests various properties of obstruents.