胎儿性别与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性研究

Fetal Gender Correlation with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

目的探讨胎儿性别与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的相关性。方法回顾性调查2005年1月至2015年12月盱眙县人民医院行糖耐量试验确诊的350例GDM孕妇作为GDM组,选择同期350例非GDM孕妇作为对照组,以单因素、多因素及分层分析评估胎儿性别与GDM的关系。结果多因素分析提示年龄(OR=1.039,95%CI1.009~1.070,P=0.011)、孕前体质指数(BMI)(OR=1.082,95%CI 1.006~1.163,P=0.034)、糖尿病家族史(OR=1.999,95%CI 1.065~3.750,P=0.031)及男性胎儿(OR=1.357,95%CI 1.002~1.838,P=0.048)均是孕妇发生GDM的独立危险因素;分层分析的结果表明,男性胎儿在年龄>35岁、孕前BMI>25 kg/m^2及有糖尿病家族史的孕妇中仍与GDM的发生相关(P<0.05)。结论除年龄、孕前BMI及糖尿病家族史这些传统的GDM危险因素,男性胎儿同样是孕妇GDM的发生的危险因素,尤其表现在年龄>35岁、孕前BMI>25 kg/m^2及有糖尿病家族史的孕妇,但相关机制仍需进一步的研究。

Objective To study the relationships between the baby gender and gestational diabetes meUitus （GDM）. Methods A total of 350 pregnant women with GDM undergoing glucose tolerance test in Xuyi People＇s Hospital from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2015 were retrospectively included as a GDM group,matching 350 non-GDM mothers asa control group, Univari- ate, multivariate and stratified analyses were performed to find the correlation between fetal gender and risk of GDM. Results Multivariate analysis showed that age （OR = 1.039, 95% CI 1. 009-1. 070,P = 0. 011 ）, pre-pregnaney body mass index （BMI） （ OR = 1.082,95 % CI 1.006-1. 163, P = 0. 034 ）, family history of diabetes （ OR = 1. 999,95 % CI 1. 065 -3. 750, P = 0. 031 ）, and male fetus（ OR = 1. 357,95% CI 1. 002-1. 838 ,P = 0. 048） were associated with an increased risk of GDM. Addi- tionally,stratified analysis revealed that male fetus was associated with higher rate of GDM in women who were older（ age 〉 35 years）, overweight（pre-pregnancy body mass index 〉 25 kg/m2 ） and who had family history of diabetes（ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Our data suggest that except for traditional risk factors of GDM （ age, pre-pragnancy BMI and family history of diabetes） ,male fetus is also a risk factor of GDM, especially in those who are featured with age 〉35 years old,pre-pregnancy BMI 〉25 kg/m2 and with a diabetes family history,but the underlying mechanisms still need further studies.