牙鲆雌核发育研究进展

Gynogenesis in Japanese flounder: A review

牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)是一种重要的海水经济鱼类,其雌性生长速度显著快于雄性。因此,生产全雌牙鲆对提高养殖产量和经济效益具有重要意义。雌核发育是一种特殊的有性生殖方式,在这种生殖方式中,灭活的精子进入卵子,激活胚胎发育,但精核不与卵核融合形成合子,所以雌核发育的个体只具有母本的遗传信息。目前,牙鲆已成为雌核发育技术应用于产业的代表性鱼类。本文对牙鲆人工诱导雌核发育的研究进展进行综述,介绍牙鲆减数分裂雌核发育和有丝分裂雌核发育的诱导方法,以及雌核发育技术在性别控制、克隆制备等育种研究中的应用。最后,作者提出"雌核发育育种体系"构想,并对其在鱼类育种和遗传研究中的应用前景进行展望。

The Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus） is an economically important marine fish that has been widely cultured in Japan, Korea, and China. The growth rate of females is significantly higher than that of males; production of all-female Japanese flounder populations for aquaculture has considerable advantages for improving yield and economic benefit. Gynogenesis is a type of parthenogenesis whereby homologous or heterologous sperms penetrate into the eggs and trigger embryogenesis; however, the sperm nucleus does not fuse with an egg nucleus to form a zygote. Thus, gynogenetic individuals inherit only maternal genetic information. In this review, we introduce the recent progresses of artificial introduction of gynogenesis in Japanese flounder. First, we describe the methods of meiogynogesis and mitogynogenesis. Next, we review the applications of gynogenesis in Japanese flounder, such as sex control and production of clones. Finally, we propose a breeding system using gynogenesis and discuss its potential applications in the genetic improvement and breeding of new variations in fish.