基于系统动力学的城市公交票价模型研究

Study on urban bus transit pricing model based on system dynamics

公交票价的制定是推进"公交优先"的重要环节,也是平衡出行者、公交企业、政府三方利益的重要经济杠杆。但由于公交运营成本急剧上升,而公交票价却常年不做调整,导致公交企业运营亏损严重,政府财政补贴压力不断增加,同时出行者享受的公交服务也大打折扣,因此,研究公交票价的制定策略已变得十分必要和迫切。本文从公交票价的影响主体(相关利益群体)入手,研究确定了公交票价的影响指标;应用系统动力学的方法,构建了城市常规公交票价模型;并以某市公交票价的调整方案为例,对本文所建立的票价模型进行了验证。

Bus fare is an important link of ＂public transport priority＂ , and an economic lever of balance among the travelers, bus companies and the government. However, with the bus operating costs rising sharply, the bus fare has always kept nnchanged, which led to a serious loss of bus companies. Consequently, the government was obliged to be under increasing pressure, and the travelers had to get poor bus service. Therefore, the research on the generate strategy of bus fare has become extremely necessary and urgent. This paper firstly studied the affecting indicators of bus fare based on the analysis of the impact subject. Secondly, applying the method of system dynamics, built the urban traffic pricing model. Finally, through a case study in a city, the pricing model was demonstrated the method and program.