卢梭伦理学的道德起源路径研究——以善和美德的区分为视角

Research on the Moral Origin Route of Rousseau's Ethics——In the Perspective of the Distinction between Goodness and Virtue

学界对《论人类不平等的起源和基础》的研究,往往从自然状态和社会状态二分法的角度分析人类不平等的起源。这种二分法解读表面上合理,实则存在问题。自然状态与善的关系以及社会状态与美德的关系并没有得到学界的重视及正确的解读。事实上,自然状态与社会状态的区分本质上是善与美德的区分,人类从自然状态过渡到社会状态本质上是人类内心情感从善到美德的转变。卢梭基于善和美德的区分提出了道德的起源观:道德起源于这一转变过程中人类善观念的消失以及美德观念的出现。

Most scholars do their research on the Origin and Foundation of the Inequality Among Mankind from the perspective of dichotomous framework to analyze the unequal origin. It is reasonable on the surface for this dichotomous framework, but there is a problem. Most scholars do not pay much attention to the relation- ship between nature status and goodness as well as the relationship between social status and virtue. In fact, the distinction between natural status and social status is essentially the distinction between goodness and virtue, and human＇ s transition from nature state to social state is essentially the transition from human＇ s good- ness to virtue. Rousseau analyzes the moral origin by the distinction between goodness and virtue： morality o- riginates from disappearance of goodness and appearance of virtue.