匙羹藤果水提液降血糖作用及其作用机制

Hypoglycemic Effect and Mechanism of Water Extract of Gymnema sylvestre Fruit

目的:研究匙羹藤果水提液的降血糖作用,并探讨其相关的作用机制。方法:采用改良寇氏法对急性毒性进行研究,以四氧嘧啶致高血糖的糖尿病小鼠和大鼠为模型,以二甲双胍作为阳性药,以葡萄糖过氧化物酶法(GOD-POD)测定小鼠和大鼠血糖,观察匙羹果水提液高、中、低剂量组的降血糖作用,分别按照SOD活性试剂盒,总胆固醇试剂盒(COD-CE-PAP法),甘油三酯试剂盒(GPO-PAP法)检测法,GOD-POD法测定高血糖小鼠用药前后的SOD活性,高血糖大鼠给药前后总胆固醇、甘油三酯,正常小鼠糖耐量等指标,比较用药前后高血糖大鼠胰胰腺组织的病理状态,探讨匙羹藤果水提液降血糖的作用机制。结果:匙羹藤果水提液的半数致死浓度(LD50)为66.65 g·kg^(-1),水提液能明显降低四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠和大鼠血糖,与正常组比较,模型组的血糖有显著性差异(P<0.01);与模型组比较,各给药组的血糖有显著性差异(P<0.01),提高糖尿病小鼠SOD活性,降低糖尿病大鼠甘油三酯,修复糖尿病大鼠的胰腺和增加其胰岛数量,同时不影响正常小鼠的糖代谢。结论:匙羹藤果水提液具有较好的降血糖作用,其作用机制与提高机体的抗氧化能力、调节脂代谢和糖代谢有关,为明确匙羹藤果降血糖的药效物质基础提供了科学依据。

Objective： To study the hypoglycemic effect and its action mechanism of water extract of Gymnema sylvestre fruit. Method： Acute toxicity was studied by using modified Karber＇s method. Diabetic mice and rats induced by alloxan were used as the models, and metformin was used as the positive control drug. In the experiment, glucose peroxidase method （GOD-POD） was used to determine the blood glucose in mice and rats, and observe the hypoglycemic effect of high, medium and low dose water extract of fruit of G. sylvestre. The superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose tolerance were detected in rats before and after treatment by using SOD activity kit, total cholesterol kit （COD-CE-PAP） , triglyceride kit （GPO- PAP） method, and GOD-POD method respectively; pathological state of pancreatic tissues before and after treatment was compared in hyperglycemic rats and mice, and then the hypoglycemic mechanism of water extract of fruit of G. sylvestre was explored. Result： The lethal concentration of 50% （LDso） of water extract was66.65 g.kg-1, and as compared with normal group, blood glucose of the model group was decreased significantly （P 〈 0.01 ）, and the water extract could decrease the blood glucose of the diabetic mice and rats induced by alloxan （P 〈 0.01 ）. As compared with the model group, various treatment groups had significantly different blood glucose （P 〈 0.01 ）, improved the SOD activity, decreased triglyceride, improved pancreas and increased the amount of islets in rats, but it did not affect the glucose metabolism. Conclusion： The water extract of fruit of G. sylvestre had low toxicity and better hypoglycemic effect. Its mechanism is associated with the antioxidant capacity, regulation of the lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism, this paper can provide scientific basis for defining the hypoglycemic effect substance of fruit of G. sylvestre.