甘肃省靖远县职业暴露人群和布鲁菌病患者对布鲁菌病认知及行为习惯调查

Knowledge and perceptions of brucellosis and human behavior of occupational exposure person and patients with brucellosis in Jingyuan County, Gansu Province

目的通过分析甘肃省靖远县不同人群布鲁菌病（布病）认知及行为习惯，为有针对性地开展布病健康教育及精准防控提供科学依据。方法2015年，采用二阶段整群抽样法，在靖远县抽取近3年布病累计发病较多的9个乡镇，每个乡镇抽取累计发病数较多的5个村，每个村选择职业暴露人群和布病患者作为调查对象。采用现场问卷形式调查分析不同人群布病防治知识与行为习惯知晓率。结果共调查职业暴露人群809人，布病患者203人，二种人群布病防控知识总体知晓率为44．10％（12943／29348），其中职业暴露人群为42．52％（9976／23461），布病患者为50．40％（2967／5887）。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、工作年限职业暴露人群和布病患者布病防治知识知晓率比较差异均有统计学意义（X^2=84．413、166．100、207．200、16．822，P均〈0．01）。行为习惯中有“共用水源”、“剥过死羊羔”、“流产物如何处理”、“处理流产物不戴手套、口罩”、“接羔时不戴手套、口罩”、“给家畜注射疫苗和药品”、“吃过病死牛、羊肉”、“买卖病、死畜”、“屠宰过家畜”等可能感染布病的高危行为布病患者正确答题数所占比例与职业暴露人群比较差异有统计学意义（X^2=13．940、27．965、30．031、19．575、22．597、21．139、14．524、436．450、8．482，P均〈0．05）。结论靖远县职业暴露人群布病防治知识知晓率偏低，职业暴露人群中高危行为致感染布病的风险较大，应有针对性地开展健康教育与高危行为干预。

Objective To analyze the knowledge and perceptions of brucellosis and human behavior in different populations in Jingyuan County Gansu Province, and to provide a scientific basis for carrying out health education and prevention accurately on brucellosis. Methods In 2015, using two-stage cluster sampling method, nine towns with more accumulative incidence of brucellosis in the past 3 years in Jingyuan Country were selected, 5 villages were selected from each town, occupational exposure and patients with brucellosis were selected in each village as respondents. A questionnaire survey was carried out to collect basic information, brucellosis related knowledge, population＇s behavio. Results The overall awareness rate of prevention and control knowledge on brucellosis was 44.10% （12 943/29 348）, included 809 people with the occupation exposure population and 203 patients with brucellosis, among them, the rate of patients with brucellosis knowledge was 50.40% （2 967/5 887）, occupational exposure population was 42.52% （9 976/23 461）; There were significant differences in the awareness rate of knowledge on prevention and control of brucellosis in population of different gender, age, education and years of work experience （X^2 = 84.413, 166.100, 207.200, 16.822, P 〈 0.01）; of the following parameters： ＂shared water＂, ＂peel dead lamb＂, ＂How to deal with flow produets＂,＂treatment of abortion without gloves, masks＂, ＂not wearing gloves, masks when lambing ＂, ＂to give livestock vaccines and drugs＂, ＂eat dead cow, lamb＂, and ＂sale of diseased, dead livestock＂, ＂slaughter livestock＂, there were statistical significant differences between patients with brucellosis and exposure people （X^2 = 13.940, 27.965, 30.031, 19.575, 22.597, 21.139, 14.524, 436.450, 8.482, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The occupational exposure population has a low knowledge awareness rate; high risk behaviors have higher risk of brucellosis infection in Jingyuan County. We should carry out health education and high-risk behavior intervention in targeted population.