行业异质性、离岸外包与生产率溢出——基于世界投入产出表的实证分析

Industrial Heterogeneity,Offshoring and Productivity Spillover:Empirical Analysis Based on WIOD Database

本文基于DEA-Malmquist生产率指数法采用WIOD投入产出数据测算了2003-2011年中国细分行业部门的全要素生产率(TFP)及其分解变量,以及各行业部门的制造、服务离岸外包率及其前向、后向溢出效应变量。基于行业异质性的视角,考察了两种离岸外包对各行业TFP的直接与间接影响效应及其内在机制。研究表明:(1)制造离岸外包、服务离岸外包分别对非服务业部门TFP有显著负向、正向影响,对服务业部门TFP无显著影响。(2)制造离岸外包前向、后向溢出效应对非服务业部门TFP有显著负向影响,服务离岸外包前向溢出效应对非服务业部门TFP有显著正向影响;而服务业部门TFP不受离岸外包溢出效应的影响。(3)服务离岸外包通过正向影响非服务业部门纯技术进步和纯技术效率促进TFP提升;服务离岸外包对服务业部门纯技术效率有显著影响,而制造离岸外包对其分解变量无显著影响。

This paper calculated total factor productivity （TFP） for China＇ s sectors based on DEA-Malmquist productivity index and its decomposition variables. By combining sectors, we calculated materials offshoring, services offshoring and terms of forward spillovers and backward spillovers for materials and services offshoring based on WIOD database. From the perspective of the heterogeneity of each industries, we estimated the impacts of materials offshoring and services offshoring to each sectors＇ TFP by direct approach and indirect approach. Meanwhile, we analyzed the mechanism for offshoring to affect TFP. Empirical analysis results showed that, materials offshoring and services offshoring had significant negative and positive effect on non- services sectors＇ TFP respectively; Offshoring had no effect on services sectors＇ TFP; Forward and backward spillovers terms of materials offshoring had negative effect on non- services sectors＇ TFP; Forward spillovers terms of services offshoring had positive effect on non-services sector＇ s TFP ; TFP of services sectors was not affected by offshoring spillovers ; Services offshoring affected non-services sectors＇ TFP by increasing pure technical progress and pure technical efficiency; Services offshoring had impact to services sectors＇ pure technical efficiency, while materials offshoring had no effect to its decomposition variables.