气候变化对高寒区域植物物候的影响

Effects of climate changes on plant phenology at high-latitude and alpine regions

扼要综述主要环境因子(如温度、降水和雪融时间等)和物种组成对高寒区域植物物候的影响。多数研究表明增温和积雪早融使植物个体和群落的返青期和初花期提前,枯黄期延迟;但降水变化对物候的影响还没有一致的结论。目前对植物地下物候的报道较少,现有的研究发现土壤温度、湿度以及养分有效性等的变化都会对根系物候产生较大的影响,但不同研究给出的根系物候的响应模式并不一致。综合分析表明:研究方法、地点和对象等的不同均会使植物物候对气候变化的响应程度和方向表现出一些差异。在未来的研究中应该尽可能全面观测群落中各物种的物候序列,实现不同观测方法所得结果之间的转换和尺度推演,并加强根系物候和植物生物学机理的研究。

Phenology studies the timing of periodic phenomena of biological events, which is affected by biotic and abiotic factors. We review the main influences of climatic factors （e. g. , temperature, precipitation, and timing of snowmelt） and species on plant phenology at high-latitude and alpine regions. Most previous studies indicated that warming and earlier snowmelt advanced green-up and first flowering but delayed senescence of individuals and community. The effects of precipitation on plant phenology were inconsistent. There were few studies on root phenology, and no general conclusions were obtained. Root phenology was affected by changes in soil temperature, moisture, and nutrient availability. The divergent responses found in magnitude and direction were mainly due to different measurements, sites, species, and ecosystems. Therefore, long-term ground observations of individuals and community phenological sequences are needed in order to deeply understand the processes and mechanisms of the effects of biotic and abiotic factors in the future. Ground observations of community phenology are particularly needed at high-latitude and alpine areas to match with remote sensing methods and scale from local site to large landscape. Furthermore, root phenology and biological mechanisms of phenological responses to climate changes should be studied.