俄罗斯反腐败的基本前提、方向和方法

The Corruption in Russia: the Basic Premises,the Direction and Methods of Fighting with It

本文从法学和制度经济学的视角解释了腐败的概念及其内涵。作者基于俄罗斯法律和国际法两个层面,辨别并分析了"腐败"概念的两种路径:一种是简洁说明,另一种是列举各种能被界定为犯罪的行为。本文讨论的制度和经济学的腐败包含了经济、政治、官僚和选举领域中存在的腐败,以及"国家俘获"和权力的私有化。基于综合管理学、制度学和经济学的研究路径建构的腐败理论模型,使我们可以更好地理解21世纪最初十年俄罗斯反腐败政策的目标和方向,即从对抗寡头家族俘获政府深入到反对行政腐败和"精英的国家化"。

The article provides the legal an d institutional-economic analysis of the concept and content of corruption. The author identified and analyzed the two main approaches to the identification of the category of "corruption" in the Russian and international law:an approach based on the formulation of a clear interpretation of this term, and the approach that defines the corruption through the list of corruption offenses, which are subject to criminalization. Institutional and economic typology of corruption discussed in this article involves the allocation of economic and political, bureaucratic and elective corruption, "state purchase" and the privatization of power.The construction of the theoretical model of corruption, through the synthesis of the regulatory and institutional and economic approaches allow us to understand the goals and directions of the government anti-corruption policy of the Russian Federation, which in 2000-2010 s. has evolved successively from countering state capture by oligarchic clans to fight against the administrative(official) corruption and the rate on the "nationalization of the elites."