青岛某医院住院烧伤患儿流行病学研究

Epidemiological investigation of hospitalized children with burn injury in a hospital of Qingdao

目的了解笔者单位住院烧伤患儿的流行病学特征，为制订烧伤患儿预防策略提供理论依据。方法收集笔者单位2001年1月-2005年12月收治的384例、2011年1月-2015年12月收治的596例O～12岁住院烧伤患儿的病历资料，对烧伤患儿占同期烧伤住院患者总数的百分比、年龄、致伤原因、性别、致伤月份、居住地、急救措施符合医学常规情况、伤后入院时间、烧伤严重程度以及手术情况等进行分析。对数据进行Mann—WhitneyU检验、X2检验。结果2001年1月-2005年12月、2011年1月-2015年12月烧伤患儿占同期烧伤住院患者总数的百分比分别为23．6％（384／1626）、25．4％（596／2346），差异无统计学意义（X2=1．653，P〉0．05）。2011年1月--2015年12月烧伤患儿的年龄为1．0（1．0，2．0）岁，明显小于2001年1月-2005年12月烧伤患儿的1．0（1．0，3．0）岁（Z=-3．257，P〈0．01）。2011年1月-2015年12月热液烫伤、电击伤患儿年龄显著小于2001年1月-2005年12月（z值分别为-4．248、-2．040，P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。2011年1月-2015年12月火焰烧伤患儿的年龄较2001年1月一2005年12月有所上升，但差异无统计学意义（Z=1．852，P〉0．05）。2个时间段患儿性别比较，差异无统计学意义（X2=1．374，P〉0．05）。2个时间段患儿烧伤均多发生于春季，2个时间段患儿烧伤发生季节相似（X2=1．177，P〉0．05）。2个时间段烧伤患儿居住地比较，差异有统计学意义（X2=15．513，P〈0．01）。2011年1月-2015年12月伤后急救措施符合医学常规、伤后6h内入院烧伤患儿显著多于2001年1月-2005年12月（X2值分别为7．434、43．961，P值均小于0．01）。2个时间段患儿烧伤严重程度以中度为主，2个时间段患儿烧伤严重程度、手术情况比较，差异无统计学意义（X2值分别为5．731和1．583，P值均大于0．05）。结论儿童烧伤作为一个社会问题，应在农村地区大力普及儿童尤其是年龄较小儿童的烧伤防治知识，宣传规范的儿童烧伤急救措施并倡导烧伤后6h内入院治疗。

Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized children with burn injury in the author＇s affiliation, so as to provide theoretical basis for developing prevention strategies of children with burn injury. Methods Medical records of 384 and 596 hospitalized children with burn inju- ry, aged 0 to 12-year-old, were collected respectively from January 2001 to December 2005 and January 2011 to December 2015. Percentage of children with burn injury to total hospitalized patients with burn inju- ry in the same period of time, age, causes of injury, gender, injury month, residence, condition of first aid measures conforming to medical standard, time of admission post injury, burn degree, and operation condi- tion of children with burn injury were analyzed. Data were processed with Mann-Whitney U test and Chi- square test. Results From January 2001 to December 2005 and January 2011 to December 2015, per- centages of children with burn injury to total hospitalized patients with burn injury in the same period of time were respectively 23.6% （384/1 626） and 25.4% （596/2 346） , with no statistically significant differ- ence （X2 = 1.653, P 〉0.05）. Age of all children with burn injury was 1.0 （1.0, 2.0） year old from Jan- uary 2011 to December 2015, obviously lower than that from January 2001 to December 2005 [ 1.0 （ 1.0, 3.0） year old, Z = -3. 257, P 〈 0.011. Ages of children with burn caused by hot liquid and electrical burn from January 2011 to December 2015 were obviously lower than those from January 2001 to December 2005 （ with Z values respectively - 4. 248 and - 2. 040, P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Compared with that from January 2001 to December 2005, age of children with burn caused by flame from January 2011 to December 2015 increased, with no statistically significant difference （ Z = 1. 852, P 〉0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in gender of children with burn injury between the two periods of time （ X 2 = 1. 374, P 〉 0.05）. Burn injury of children in the two periods of time mainly occurred in Spring, and season of burn in- jury between the two periods of time was similar （ X z = 1. 177, P 〉 0.05 ）. There was statistically significant difference in residence of children with burn injury between the two periods of time （ X 2 = 15. 513, P 〈 0.01 ）. The number of children with burn injury of first aid measures conforming to medical standard and ad- mission within 6 h post injury from January 2011 to December 2015 was obviously more than that from Janu- ary 2001 to December 2005 （withX 2 values respectively 7. 434 and 43. 961, P values below 0. 01 ）. Burn degrees of children with burn injury mainly were moderate in the two periods of time, and there was no statis- tically significant difference in burn degree and condition of operation between the two periods of time （ with X 2 values respectively 5.731 and 1. 583, P values above 0.05 ）. Conclusions Burn of children is a social problem. We should make great efforts on popularization of prevention and treatment about burn of children, especially children with younger age in rural areas. We should publicize standard first aid measures of burn of children and advocate admission of burn of children within 6 h post burn injury for treatment.