英国“脱欧”公投中的民粹主义现象分析

A Study on the Populism Phenomenon in Britain's “Brexit” Referendum

民主有两副面孔:一是体制内代议制间接的精英民主,一是体制外民粹化直接的草根民主。在脱欧公投中,民粹主义主要体现在留欧、脱欧与悔脱欧话语体系中对精英的怀疑以及民粹裹挟下的民众非理性情绪的宣泄。而不同群体之间的分裂、难民危机所造成的精英层与民众的离心倾向、政党之间的分裂、英国右翼媒体的推波助澜以及英国独立党哗众取宠的宣传等是造成这种民粹主义现象的重要原因。

Democracy has two faces： one is the representative indirect elite democracy within the system; the other is the populist direct grass-root democracy outside the system. In the “Brexit” referendum, the main embodiment of populism is the suspicion of the elite and the drain of the irrational emotions of the populist coerced people in discourse system about different options： staying in EU, Brexit, and Regrexit. However, the important reason for the phenomenon of the populist is the division among different groups, the centrifugal tendency of the elite and the people caused by the refugee crisis, the promotion of the right wing media in the UK, and the sensationalism propaganda of the UK Independence Party.