社会保障支出对居民多维贫困的影响及其机制分析

The Impact of Social Security Expenditure on Residents' Poverty and Its Mechanism

贫困问题已成为影响我国全面建成小康社会和实现"中国梦"的严重障碍,而社会保障作为保障民生的政策工具,理应发挥反贫、脱贫的作用。笔者基于中国综合调查(CGSS)数据,采用Probit模型和IV Probit模型,将贫困分为经济贫困、健康贫困和精神贫困三个维度,探讨社会保障支出对中国居民贫困的影响,并分析了背后的影响机制。研究发现:社会保障支出降低了居民发生多维贫困的可能性,且在缓解经济贫困方面更为显著。同时社会保障支出的减贫效应具有城乡差异,对城镇居民而言,社会保障支出主要缓解经济贫困与精神贫困;对农村居民而言,社会保障支出主要缓解了经济贫困与健康贫困。文章进一步指出,社会保障支出主要通过缩小收入差距与提高居民收入进而缓解经济贫困;在健康贫困方面,社会保障支出的作用则是通过提高健康水平得以实现;在精神贫困方面,社会保障支出的作用路径是提高居民的幸福感与娱乐休闲消费水平。

Poverty has become a serious obstacle to building a well-off society in an all round way and the realization of ＂China dream＂, and social security as a policy tool to protect people＇s livelihood, should play the role of anti poverty and poverty alleviation. Based on the comprehensive survey of Chinese （CGSS） data, using Probit and IV Probit model, poverty is divided into three dimensions of economic poverty and health poverty and spiritual poverty, we explore the effects of social security expenditure on Chinese residents in poverty, and ana- lyzes it＇s influence mechanism. The study finds that： overall, the social security expenditure not only alleviates the residents＇ economic poverty and health poverty, but also reduces the possibility of residents＇ spiritual pover- ty; and social security spending to alleviate the economic poverty is more obvious, its effect is greater than the health poverty and spiritual poverty. In addition, the effect of poverty alleviation is difference between urban and rural areas, which is more significant to alleviate urban poverty, and to alleviate the rural economic poverty. Based on these conclusions, we further explores the mechanism of social security expenditure on poverty impact. We explain the mechanism of social security expenditure, mainly through the channel of hart＇owing the income gap, improving the income and alleviating poverty; poverty in health, social security expenditure function is by increasing the consumption of health care and health level can be achieved in the spirit ; poverty, social security expenditure path is to improve the well-being of residents and recreation and consumption level.