论五气说的起源与五气主时

Discussion of the Origin of Wu Qi Theory and Wu Qi Corresponding the Time

通过对古代文献的梳理,古代存在五气、六气、四气3种不同的说法。《尚书·洪范》的五气说是首次系统地对天气的论述。医和的六气说是六气学说的雏形,但实际上是四气说。早期的五气、四气、六气所指的内容大体相同但并不固定,现行的五气说为《素问》所确立。《管子》最早探讨了五气主时,五气主时在历史上存在7种说法。《素问》确立了春为风、夏为暑、季夏为湿、秋为燥、冬为寒的五气主时方式,相比于其他相配方式更符合中原地区的季节气候特征。

Based on sorting out ancient literature, five climatic factors, six climatic factors and four climatic factors three different arguments existed in ancient times. The five climatic factors doctrine in Hongfan ofShang shu discoursed on weather systematically for the first time. Yi He＇ s six climatic factors theory was the prototype of six climatic factors theory, but it was four climatic factors theory in fact. In the early stage, the contents of five climatic factors, six climatic factors and four climatic factors were roughly the same, but not fixed. The current five climatic factors theory was established by Su wen. Guan zi discussed the host time of five climatic factors for the first time, and there was a variety of views about the problem when was the host time of five climatic factors in the history. Su wen firstly established the model that spring corresponds wind, summer corresponds heat, last summer corresponds wet, autumn corresponds dry and winter corresponds cold. This model was more consistent with seasonal climate characteristics of central plain area in China than other models.