企业出口扩张与贸易引致学习:出口对企业创新的影响机制——来自中国企业专利申请的证据

Firm Export Expansion and Trade Induced Learning: The Influence Mechanism of Export on Enterprise Innovation——Evidence from Chinese Firm Patent Application Data

本文利用2000-2006年中国工业企业数据库、海关数据库和中国专利数据的合并数据集,以专利申请量作为企业创新的衡量指标,以企业出口目的地加权经济增长率作为出口额的工具变量,通过考察出口额对企业创新的影响及机制,对"贸易引致学习"理论进行实证检验。在2000-2006年间,企业出口扩张对企业总专利申请数提升的贡献率是13.21%,对发明专利和实用新型专利申请增加的贡献率分别是15.61%和13.18%,但是对外观设计专利申请的影响并不显著;企业只有从事一般贸易或出口到发达国家,其出口额的增加才能促进高质量专利-发明专利-申请数的增加。所以,在我国出口增速放缓、发展模式转型的大背景下,我国应鼓励企业与欧美发达国家开展贸易,鼓励企业在发展加工贸易的同时进行一般贸易。

Using patent applications as a measure index of enterprise innovation, and using the weighted economic growth rate at the enterprise＇s export destination as a tool variable for exports, this paper examines trade induced learning theory by testing the effect of export expansion on firm innovation and mechanism with merged data of Chinese Industry Survey, China Customs Data and Patent Data from 2000 to 2006. The contribution rates of export expansion to the growth of patent applications number, patent and utility new patent applications are 13.21%, 15.61% and 13. 18% respective- ly, while the impact on design patent applications is not significant; only firms engaged in ordinary-trading, or exporting to developed countries, can they have an invention increase in high quality patent, patent and patent applications number via export expansion. Therefore, China should encourage enterprises to trade with developed countries in Europe and A- merica, and encourage enterprises to carry out general trade at the same time of developing processing trade in the context of China＇s slowdown in export growth and the transformation of development model.