基于卫片的限行对车辆密度及排放的影响研究

The Influence of Traffic Restriction on Vehicle Density and Exhaust Emission Based on Satellite Images

针对"九三"阅兵期间单双号限行的尾气排放控制措施,通过Google Earth卫星影片资料获取北京道路实际车辆密度变化情况,评估限行对尾气排放的影响。研究对象为阅兵前后限行和非限行期间的14条典型道路。通过计算实际道路不同车型的车流密度和车流速度,应用COPERT模型计算尾气排放密度并对比分析变化情况,评估限行措施对机动车尾气排放控制的效果。研究表明,单双号限行期间不同类型道路中小客车密度降低10%~67%,平均值为47%,车速上升29%~41%;CO、HC、NO_x和PM的排放密度分别下降49%、49%、29%和30%。该文提出的基于卫片资料的车辆密度数据进行机动车尾气排放密度的计算方法 ,有效的估算了限行措施对尾气排放的控制效果,为车流控制的环境效果评估提供一种新的思路和方法。

The impact of traffic restriction on vehicle exhaust emissions during the restricted period of China Military Parade on Sept 3rd, 2015 was evaluated by comparing changes in actual vehicle density on roads in Beijing through Google Earth satellite images. Fourteen typical roads were chosen between unrestricted and restricted traffic conditions. The traffic exhaust emission density was computed using COPERT model based on the actual traffic density and vehicle speed, to evaluate the effect of traffic restriction measures on the exhaust emission. Results show that during the traffic restriction the density of small and middle-sized vehicles on different road types decreases significantly by a decline of 10% to 67%, with a mean value of 4.7%; correspondingly the vehicle speed rises by a range between 29% and 41%. During the traffic restriction, the emissions of CO, HC, NOx and PM fall by 49%, 49%, 29% and 30% respectively. A method calculating the motor vehicle exhaust emis- sion density based on vehicle density from the satellite videos was proposed. The method effectively est;mates the effect of traffic control on exhaust emission, providing an approach to evaluate environmental effect of traffic control and regulation.